AC to DC Converter in Standard Outlet Boxes
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing building automation systems face challenges in retrofitting existing infrastructure due to the need for efficient AC to DC conversion within standard electrical switch and outlet boxes, which often results in overheating and safety hazards, and require complex network setups that can be aesthetically and functionally compromised.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating an AC to DC converter, bidirectional switch, load identifying sensor, ground and arc fault sensors, and a computing device with user interface into standard electrical outlet and switch boxes, forming a mesh network for wireless communication and control, using protocols like Bluetooth and Zigbee for connectivity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If AC to DC converter is installed in standard electrical switch and outlet boxes, then building automation system can be integrated into existing infrastructure, but overheating and safety hazards occur
Solution Approach 1:
The system is divided into separate functional modules: AC to DC power conversion units, sensor modules, communication modules, and control units. Each module can be independently installed in standard electrical boxes, distributing heat generation across multiple locations rather than concentrating all functions in one box.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces intermediary components such as heat sinks, thermal management systems, and isolated power conversion circuits that mediate between the AC to DC converter and the electrical box environment, preventing direct heat transfer to surrounding components and reducing fire hazards.
2Adaptability or versatility
If AC to DC converter is installed in standard electrical switch and outlet boxes, then building automation system can be integrated into existing infrastructure, but excessive space is occupied
Solution Approach 1:
The design nests multiple functional components within each other: the AC to DC converter is integrated within the electrical box structure, with sensor modules nested within the converter housing, and communication antennas nested within the sensor assemblies. This nested arrangement maximizes space utilization while maintaining all required functions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs thin-film circuit boards, flexible printed circuits, and compact housing designs that reduce the overall volume of components installed in standard electrical boxes, allowing full functionality within the constrained space of existing infrastructure.
3Ease of manufacture
If wireless networks are used for building automation, then network installation is simplified, but building structure blocks or interferes with wireless communication
Solution Approach 1:
The system merges wireless communication capabilities with existing electrical infrastructure by integrating wireless modules into standard outlet and switch devices. This creates a hybrid system where electrical wiring provides power and data pathways, while wireless communication provides control and monitoring, combining the reliability of wired systems with the flexibility of wireless technology.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces intermediary devices such as wireless repeaters, signal boosters, and mesh network nodes that are strategically positioned within the building to overcome structural interference. These intermediaries relay and amplify wireless signals, ensuring reliable communication throughout the building despite obstacles like concrete walls and metal framing.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution enables safe, scalable, and secure building automation systems that can be easily integrated into existing infrastructure, providing enhanced safety, power control, and diagnostics without overheating or occupying excessive space, while allowing for seamless integration of sensors and devices within the building.
Implementation Method 1
The conversion from 100 or 220 volts AC to 3-5 volts DC generates considerable heat
Implementation Method 2
A bidirectional switch is connected between the AC source and the load
Implementation Method 3
ground and arc fault sensors
Data Source
AI summary
A building automation system that is comprised of a plurality of network connected electrical modules contained in standard receptacle gang boxes for outlets and switches is described. The system includes an AC to DC power supply, a bidirectional solid stale dimmer switch, a microprocessor, and, interconnected sensors that are powered and controlled by microprocessors within the electrical modules. The electrical modules include a user interface for programming and control. The system provides enhanced safety and security, power metering, power control, and home diagnostics. The apparatus replaces existing outlet receptacles and switches with a familiar flush but elegantly updated and seamlessly integrated faceplate.