Universal AC-to-DC Converter Branches for Grid Adaptability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing battery charging systems face challenges in being compatible with diverse electrical standards worldwide, requiring different power electronic modules and topologies for three-phase and single-phase AC grids, which complicates their global usage.

Innovation Solution

A converter system with three equally designed converter branches, each comprising an AC-to-DC and DC-to-DC stage, allowing operation with either three-phase or single-phase grids without needing switching elements, and independent control of each branch for unified control schemes across different modes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If different power electronic modules and topologies are used for three-phase and single-phase AC grids, then the charging system can be optimized for each specific grid type, but the device complexity increases and worldwide compatibility is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecompatibility with different electrical standardsVSAvoidnumber of power electronic modules and topologies
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies universality by designing a single power electronic module topology that can operate with both three-phase and single-phase AC grids. The converter system uses identical power electronic modules for all input configurations, eliminating the need for different topologies. The control system automatically adapts to detect whether single-phase or three-phase input is provided and adjusts operation accordingly, achieving worldwide compatibility without increasing hardware complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Adaptability or versatility

If switching elements are used to switch between different operation modes, then the converter can adapt to different grid types, but the device complexity and potential failure points increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperation with different grid typesVSAvoidnumber of switching elements
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamics by implementing a control system that dynamically detects the input configuration (single-phase or three-phase) and automatically adjusts the conversion strategy without physical switching elements. The converter system adapts its operation mode based on real-time detection of the AC input characteristics, eliminating mechanical or solid-state switches that would increase complexity and failure points.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Productivity

If different control schemes are used for single-phase and three-phase modes, then each mode can be optimized, but the ease of operation and installation are reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharging efficiencyVSAvoidinstallation and operation simplicity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies self-service by implementing an automatic detection and adaptation mechanism in the control system. The converter automatically detects whether single-phase or three-phase AC input is provided and independently determines the optimal conversion strategy without requiring manual configuration or intervention. This self-adapting control maintains charging efficiency while simplifying installation and operation, as the system configures itself based on the detected grid type.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables worldwide compatibility and efficient charging of batteries by maintaining the same functionality with either single-phase or three-phase inputs, eliminating the need for topology and control modifications, thus simplifying installation and operation across various electrical standards.

Implementation Method 1

Each converter branch comprises an AC-to-DC stage and a DC-to-DC stage, which are connected between the first and second input and the first and second output. The AC-to-DC stage may be adapted for converting a single phase AC voltage into an intermediate DC voltage.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRectification:

Implementation Method 2

A DC-to-DC stage may be adapted for converting the intermediate DC voltage into the DC voltage provided at the outputs of the respective converter branch.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDC-to-DC conversion:

Data Source

PatentEP3453106B1Ac-to-DC converter system
Publication Date: 2022.07.06 ABB E-MOBILITY BV
  • EP3453106B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3453106B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3453106B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

A converter system (10) for converting a three-phase or a single-phase AC voltage into a DC voltage, wherein the converter system (10) comprises three converter branches (12), each converter branch (12) comprising a first input (16a) and a second input (16b) to be supplied with a single-phase AC voltage and a first output (18a) and a second output (18b) providing a DC voltage; wherein each converter branch (12) comprises an AC-to-DC stage (22) and a DC-to-DC stage (24), which are connected between the first and second input (16a, 16b) and the first and second output (18a, 18b); wherein the converter system (10) is configured for interconnecting the first input (16a) of each converter branch (12) with a phase of a three- phase grid (38a) and for interconnecting the first inputs (16a) of the converter branches (12) with a phase of a single-phase grid (38b); wherein the converter system (10) is configured for interconnecting the second inputs (18b), which are interconnected with each other, of the converter branches (12) with a neutral point (N) of the three-phase grid (38a) or the single- phase grid (38b); and wherein the converter system (10) comprises one or more controllers (50, 60, 62) adapted for controlling the converter branches (12) independently from each other.