Patient-Specific Acetabular Guide for Hip Arthroplasty
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current acetabular reaming and positioning guides for total hip arthroplasty surgeries face challenges such as inaccurate implant placement, high costs, long operative times, and a steep learning curve, particularly in traditional freehand methods and image-guided navigation surgeries, which can lead to complications and increased healthcare costs.
Innovation Solution
A patient-specific guide and template system is developed, comprising multiple guide members with adjustable legs and engagement mechanisms, designed based on three-dimensional reconstructions of patient anatomy, to facilitate precise acetabular reaming and implant placement, reducing tissue damage and improving accuracy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional freehand method is used for acetabular reaming and implant placement, then surgeon experience and onsite execution are relied upon, but accurate and consistent implant placement cannot be achieved especially for high BMI patients
Solution Approach 1:
The surgical guide is divided into multiple segments including a guide body, positioning legs, and engagement features that can be assembled and adjusted to fit different patient anatomies, enabling precise implant placement without requiring complex monolithic structures
Solution Approach 2:
A patient-specific surgical guide acts as an intermediary device between the surgeon and the implant, providing mechanical constraints and guidance that ensure accurate implant placement while simplifying the surgical procedure by eliminating the need for complex intraoperative measurements and adjustments
2Loss of time
If minimally invasive surgery is used to perform THA through smaller incision, then quicker recovery and shorter hospital stay are achieved, but long-term clinical outcomes are not better and learning curve is long
Solution Approach 1:
Patient-specific surgical guides are manufactured before surgery based on preoperative imaging and planning, allowing complex positioning and alignment to be prepared in advance. This enables minimally invasive approaches to achieve the same placement accuracy as traditional methods without requiring extensive surgeon experience or long learning curves
3Measurement precision
If image-guided navigation surgery is used to determine implant size and alignment, then high accuracy and consistency are achieved, but high instrument costs and long operative time are incurred
Solution Approach 1:
All surgical planning, measurement, and alignment calculations are performed preoperatively using patient-specific imaging data. The patient-specific guide incorporates all necessary positioning information, eliminating the need for time-consuming intraoperative navigation systems and real-time imaging guidance
Solution Approach 2:
The patient-specific surgical guide is a physical copy or replica of the virtual surgical plan created preoperatively. It translates digital planning into tangible mechanical constraints that guide implant placement, eliminating the need for expensive and time-consuming intraoperative navigation systems
4Measurement precision
If image-guided navigation surgery is used for THA, then high accuracy is achieved, but steep learning curve and high instrument costs are problems
Solution Approach 1:
Patient-specific surgical guides are designed as disposable, single-use devices that are manufactured economically using additive manufacturing or other cost-effective production methods. Each guide is tailored to the individual patient but can be produced at low cost, eliminating the need for expensive, reusable navigation systems
Solution Approach 2:
The complex virtual navigation plan is copied into a simple physical guide that provides mechanical constraints for implant placement. This translation from digital to physical domain eliminates the need for complex navigation hardware and software while maintaining high placement accuracy
Data Source
AI summary
A method and a device for use in total hip arthroplasty surgery is provided. The device includes a first guide member which includes a body having a top surface and a bottom surface, a plurality of first guide legs protruding from the body, and a plurality of protrusions extending from the body. The plurality of first guide legs include a contact area disposed on the open end of the first guide leg. The device also includes a third guide member which includes a tube, a plate configured to engage with the first guide member, and a plurality of holes disposed on the plate configured to receive the plurality of protrusions of the first guide member to couple the first guide member with the third guide member.