Acid-Free Quaternized Nitrogen Compounds for Diesel Injector Deposit Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current fuel additives for diesel engines, particularly those using quaternized ammonium salts, face issues with acid content leading to corrosion risks and inadequate performance against internal diesel injector deposits (IDIDs), which affect engine performance and emissions.
Innovation Solution
Development of acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds produced through a process involving hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid anhydrides without the need for free acid, generating an intramolecularly bound acid function for quaternization, resulting in additives that are more effective and safer for use in diesel engines.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If quaternized ammonium salts are used as fuel additives, then detergent performance is improved, but acid content causes corrosion risks and inadequate performance against internal diesel injector deposits
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the chemical composition parameters by using acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds instead of traditional quaternized ammonium salts that contain acid. This parameter change eliminates corrosion risk while maintaining detergent performance against internal diesel injector deposits.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention extracts and removes the harmful acid component from the quaternized ammonium salt structure, retaining only the beneficial quaternized nitrogen compound that provides detergent performance without corrosion risk.
2Object-generated harmful factors
If conventional quaternized additives are used, then deposit prevention is partially effective, but power loss and fuel consumption remain problematic
Solution Approach 1:
The acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds provide self-sustaining protection by forming stable deposits on injector surfaces that continuously prevent new deposit formation, thereby maintaining engine performance and reducing power loss over extended periods.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses composite chemical structures combining quaternized nitrogen compounds with specific hydrocarbon chains, creating a multifunctional additive that simultaneously prevents deposits and maintains engine performance without the drawbacks of conventional additives.
3Manufacturing precision
If stoichiometric amounts of acid are used in quaternization process, then complete ring opening of epoxy quaternization agent is achieved, but acid content in final product increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and removes excess acid from the quaternization process, using only the minimum necessary amount to achieve complete ring opening of the epoxy quaternization agent, thereby ensuring complete quaternization while minimizing acid content in the final product.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the acid quantity parameter from stoichiometric amounts to sub-stoichiometric amounts, achieving complete quaternization with less than 0.05 equivalents of acid per equivalent of quaternizing agent, thereby reducing acid content while maintaining manufacturing precision.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The new additives significantly reduce power loss, improve combustion efficiency, and minimize fuel consumption by effectively preventing deposits in diesel engine injection systems, including internal components, thereby enhancing engine performance and reducing emissions.
Implementation Method 1
The invention relates to the use of acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive to reduce or prevent deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines
Implementation Method 2
additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID)
Data Source
Figure 1
AI summary
The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, their production and use as fuel and lubricant additives, in particular as detergent additives, wax anti-settling additives (WASA) or additives for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); additive packages containing these compounds; and fuels and lubricants containing these additives.Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive to reduce or prevent deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common-rail injection systems, to reduce the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and to minimize power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.