Acoustic Sensor Arrays for Non-Line-of-Sight UAS Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current UAS detection methods, such as radar and electro-optical systems, are ineffective for detecting small unmanned aerial systems in non-line-of-sight conditions, particularly in complex urban settings and areas with terrain features, due to their reliance on line-of-sight detection and limited ability to distinguish UAS from other objects, leading to difficulties in accurate identification and tracking.
Innovation Solution
A system utilizing a connected array of geo-located acoustic sensors that detect and classify acoustic signals from UAS, integrated with electro-optical imaging components for enhanced detection and tracking, allowing for non-line-of-sight passive detection and integrated early warning, and automatic engagement of UAS.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If radar and electro-optical systems are used for UAS detection, then detection capability in line-of-sight conditions is improved, but detection capability in non-line-of-sight and complex terrain conditions deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The system divides the detection task into multiple specialized sensor types (acoustic sensors for non-line-of-sight detection, radar for line-of-sight detection, electro-optical sensors for identification) distributed across the monitoring area. Each sensor type handles specific detection scenarios, collectively providing comprehensive coverage across all terrain conditions.
Solution Approach 2:
The integrated sensor system performs multiple functions: acoustic sensors detect UAS presence and location, radar provides line-of-sight detection and tracking, electro-optical sensors enable identification and classification, and the system collectively covers both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight conditions, replacing multiple separate systems with a unified multi-functional platform.
2Adaptability or versatility
If acoustic sensors are used for non-line-of-sight detection, then detection coverage in complex terrain conditions is improved, but ability to distinguish UAS from other objects deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The system merges acoustic sensor data with radar and electro-optical sensor data into a unified detection and identification process. Acoustic sensors provide non-line-of-sight detection capability while radar and electro-optical sensors provide line-of-sight detection and identification, with all data integrated to achieve both broad coverage and high identification accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
Radar and electro-optical sensors act as intermediaries that verify acoustic detections. When acoustic sensors detect a potential UAS in non-line-of-sight conditions, the system uses radar and electro-optical sensors to confirm the detection and identify the target, reducing false positives while maintaining broad detection coverage.
3Reliability
If integrated multi-sensor system is used for UAS detection and identification, then reliability of detection and identification is improved, but system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically activates different sensor subsets based on detection needs and environmental conditions. Not all sensors operate at full capacity simultaneously; the system adjusts sensor activation and data processing intensity based on threat level, terrain conditions, and detection phase, reducing operational complexity while maintaining high reliability when needed.
Solution Approach 2:
The integrated sensor system performs self-verification and cross-validation of detections. The system automatically correlates data from multiple sensors to confirm detections, reduces false positives through automated analysis, and maintains its own detection confidence levels without requiring constant external validation, reducing the operational burden despite increased system complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system provides accurate and reliable detection and identification of UAS under various conditions, reducing the risk of misidentification and enabling effective tracking and engagement of UAS threats in both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight scenarios, enhancing safety and security.
Implementation Method 1
Systems and methods for detecting small unmanned aerial systems employ acoustic sensors, and acoustic sensor arrays
Data Source
AI summary
Systems and methods of non-line-of-sight passive detection and integrated early warning of an unmanned aerial system by a plurality of acoustic sensors are described. In some embodiments, the plurality of acoustic sensors is positioned within an intra-netted array in depth according to at least one of a terrain, terrain features, or man-made objects or structures. The acoustic sensors are capable of detecting and tracking unmanned aerial systems in non-line-of-sight environments. In some embodiments, the acoustic sensors may be in communication with internal electro-optical components or other external sensors, with orthogonal signal data then transmitted to remote observation stations for correlation, threat determination and if required, mitigation. The unmanned aerial systems may be classified by type and a threat level associated with the unmanned aerial system may be determined.