Acoustic Battery for PTSD Diagnosis via Startle Response

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for diagnosing and treating mental disorders, such as PTSD, face challenges due to overlapping symptoms and the complexity of autonomic nervous system responses, making it difficult to accurately diagnose and treat specific disorders.

Innovation Solution

A set of acoustic signals comprising pre-pulse and pulse stimuli of varying frequencies and amplitudes is used to evaluate acoustic startle response and pre-pulse inhibition, allowing for the measurement of startle reflex and brain activity through fMRI, which can indicate the presence of mental disorders like PTSD, and acoustic neuromodulation techniques are applied to reduce startle responses.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If traditional diagnostic methods are used for mental disorders, then diagnosis can be performed, but accuracy is reduced due to overlapping symptoms and complexity of autonomic nervous system responses

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvediagnosis accuracyVSAvoiddiagnostic complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and isolates specific physiological responses (acoustic startle response and pre-pulse inhibition) from the complex array of autonomic nervous system symptoms. By focusing on these discrete, measurable reflexes rather than attempting to analyze all overlapping symptoms simultaneously, the method achieves more accurate diagnosis of specific disorders like PTSD without being overwhelmed by diagnostic complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the diagnostic parameters from general symptom assessment to specific quantifiable physiological measurements. By measuring acoustic startle response magnitude and pre-pulse inhibition percentages, the method transforms subjective symptom evaluation into objective parameter-based diagnosis, improving accuracy while simplifying the diagnostic process

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If acoustic signals are used to evaluate startle response, then measurement precision is improved, but the procedure complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestartle response measurement precisionVSAvoidevaluation procedure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by delivering a pre-pulse stimulus before the main acoustic stimulus. This pre-pulse serves to inhibit the startle response, creating a controlled baseline condition that enhances the precision of measuring pre-pulse inhibition. The structured sequence of stimuli (pre-pulse followed by pulse) simplifies the evaluation procedure while improving measurement accuracy

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentUS20230218213A1Fmri-hippocampus acoustic battery (FHAB)
Publication Date: 2023.07.13 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY

AI summary

The present disclosure relates to materials and methods for evaluating acoustic startle response (ASR) and pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) in a subject. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a set of acoustic signals and their use in methods for evaluation and/or treatment of mental disorder in a subject. The methods comprise delivering a set of acoustic signals as described herein to the subject, and measuring the startle response in the subject. The startle response may be the blink reflex, pupil dilation, skin conductive response, and/or brain activity in fMRI. For example, measuring the blink reflex may involve measuring the speed, magnitude, and/or duration of the blink reflex in the subject.