Acoustic Pipeline Medium Detection via Broadband Signal Analysis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods are inadequate for accurately detecting the presence of hydrate deposits or condensate within pipelines using acoustic resonance technology, as they fail to differentiate between gas, hydrate, and condensate based on the unique acoustic properties of these substances.
Innovation Solution
A method and apparatus utilizing broadband acoustic signals transmitted through a transducer to generate reflection and 'tail' spectra, which are then analyzed using specific algorithms to classify the medium inside the pipe as gas, condensate, or hydrate, by processing the spectral distribution and energy content of the returned signals.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional ultrasound techniques are used, then high frequency resolution is achieved, but penetration depth into layered materials is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the frequency parameter from traditional ultrasound frequencies (typically >1 MHz) to lower acoustic frequencies (e.g., 10-500 kHz), enabling penetration into layered materials while still achieving sufficient resolution for detecting hydrate deposits and characterizing media within pipelines
2Length of stationary object
If acoustic resonance technology is applied, then ability to penetrate layered materials is improved, but differentiation between gas, hydrate, and condensate is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses mechanical vibration in the form of acoustic resonance at specific frequencies to excite the pipeline and surrounding media, analyzing the resonant responses to differentiate between gas, hydrate, and condensate based on their distinct acoustic impedance and resonance characteristics
Solution Approach 2:
The system employs feedback by continuously monitoring the acoustic resonance responses and using signal processing algorithms to interpret the media composition, allowing real-time differentiation and characterization of substances within the pipeline
3Adaptability or versatility
If broadband acoustic signals are transmitted, then characterization capability of various media is improved, but signal processing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses periodic broadband acoustic signals (chirp signals) with known frequency time-varying characteristics, allowing the system to transmit comprehensive frequency information while using the predictable signal structure to simplify reception and processing through correlation techniques
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables accurate detection and characterization of the medium inside pipelines by distinguishing between gas, hydrate, and condensate through the analysis of acoustic response signals, providing effective identification and monitoring of hydrate deposits or condensate, thereby facilitating early intervention to prevent flow blockages.
Implementation Method 1
Acoustic Resonance Technology (ART) is a technology where the ability of applying acoustic energy to create resonances is utilised. If a plate or pipe is insonated by an acoustic energy pulse, and the acoustic energy comprises wave components with frequencies having wavelengths corresponding to twice or integral numbers of the thickness of the plate or pipe wall, these frequencies will create standing waves across the plate or pipe wall.
Implementation Method 2
When the pulse comes to an end, reradiated resonant energy is detected, typically by way of a hydrophone located at a distance from the plate. The energy content in the 'resonant part' of the energy being returned upon insonation, and total reflected energy, is influenced by the medium on both sides of the plate or pipe wall.
Implementation Method 3
The present inventors have found that the respective acoustic impedances of gas, hydrate and condensate are different from each other, and that returned resonance energy exhibiting different properties for at least these three cases, i.e. gas, hydrate and condensate, can be employed for determining the type of medium being present at a particular location within a container such as pipe.
Data Source
AI summary
An acoustic method and apparatus for detection or characterization of a medium comprised in a structure. Typically, the structure is a container, such as e.g. a pipe line for transportation of oil, gas or hydrocarbon condensate. A pulse of broad banded acoustic energy is emitted towards said structure by a first transducer means. A return signal is generating by a second transducer means from acoustic energy returned from said structure in response to said emitting. A return signal spectrum representing acoustic spectral components of said acoustic energy returned from said structure is derived from said return signal, and said medium is detected or characterized by applying a return signal processing medium detection or charaterization algorithm to said return signal spectrum.