Acoustic Powder Deposition for Additive Manufacturing in Variable Gravity

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current additive manufacturing processes, particularly powder-based ones, face challenges in low or no gravity environments due to reliance on gravity for material deposition, leading to inefficiencies and limitations in producing high-quality components, including issues with material flowability, contamination, and the inability to reuse manufacturing materials effectively.

Innovation Solution

A closed manufacturing chamber with a movable platform and drive device that uses vibrations to ensure homogeneous material deposition and selective energy introduction, allowing for adaptable operation in various gravity conditions and enabling the use of recycled materials, thereby improving component quality and reducing device complexity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If gravity-based powder deposition is used in additive manufacturing, then homogeneous material deposition can be achieved with high flowability powders, but the process becomes inapplicable or inefficient in low or no gravity environments

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehomogeneity of deposited production materialVSAvoidapplicability in different gravity environments
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the gravity-based mechanical deposition system with an acoustic field-based system. Sound waves are used to levitate and position powder particles in the build chamber, eliminating dependence on gravitational forces. This allows homogeneous material deposition to be achieved through acoustic pressure distribution rather than gravity-driven flow, making the process adaptable to different gravity environments including space.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Manufacturing precision

If production material with high flowability is used to ensure homogeneous deposition, then deposition quality improves, but the material requires special manufacturing and storage conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehomogeneity of deposited production materialVSAvoidmanufacturing and storage requirements
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs acoustic vibrations (sound waves) to manipulate powder particle behavior during deposition. The acoustic field induces controlled vibrations that enhance particle mobility and distribution uniformity without requiring the powder to have inherently high flowability properties. This reduces the stringency of material specifications and associated manufacturing and storage requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #18Mechanical vibration

3Reliability

If gravity-dependent additive manufacturing processes are used, then current industrial processes can be maintained, but material waste increases and recycled materials cannot be effectively reused

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocess consistencyVSAvoidmaterial waste
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of substance

Solution Approach 1:

By replacing gravity-based deposition with acoustic field-based deposition, the system enables precise control over material placement. Unused or excess powder can be easily retrieved from the acoustic field and reused in subsequent build operations. This eliminates material waste associated with gravity-dependent processes where material once deposited cannot be recovered, while maintaining process consistency through controlled acoustic parameters.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution enables efficient, high-quality additive manufacturing in low or no gravity environments by ensuring homogeneous material deposition and allowing for the use of recycled materials, enhancing component quality and reducing operational complexity and waste.

Implementation Method 1

at least one drive device, with which the production chamber or a part of the production chamber can be moved with respect to at least one degree of freedom, so that the production material reaches a desired area in the production space and is distributed homogeneously in the desired area

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVibration: Vibration

Implementation Method 2

conversion energy from at least one energy source can be introduced into the production space through the at least one energy introduction section

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEnergy conversion:

Data Source

PatentEP3967475B1Device and method for the additive production of components in environments with different gravitation and with material of different fluidity
Publication Date: 2024.05.29 DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FÜR LUFT UND RAUMFAHRT E V
  • EP3967475B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3967475B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3967475B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The manufacturing machine (100) for additive manufacturing processes according to the present invention comprises: - a closed manufacturing chamber (10) having a wall (10b) and a manufacturing space (10d) for receiving particulate manufacturing material, wherein the manufacturing chamber (10) has at least one energy input section (11) on its wall, wherein conversion energy from at least one energy source (12) can be introduced into the manufacturing space (10d) through the at least one energy input section (11), - at least one feeding device for feeding particulate manufacturing material into the manufacturing space (10d), - at least one manufacturing platform (14) arranged in the manufacturing chamber (10), on which manufacturing material can be deposited, wherein the manufacturing platform (14) is movable in the manufacturing chamber (10) to shape manufacturing material,and wherein the manufacturing platform (14) is arranged in the manufacturing space (10d) or at least partially delimits the manufacturing space (10d), and - at least one drive device with which the manufacturing chamber (10) or a part of the manufacturing chamber (10) is movable with respect to at least one degree of freedom.