Acoustic Transducer Temperature Compensation Matching Network

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Solution Overview

Problem

Piezoelectric acoustic transducers face challenges in maintaining stable operational frequency across varying temperatures, leading to inefficiencies in data communication due to temperature-induced changes in dielectric constants, which narrows the operational bandwidth and affects communication reliability across different environments.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating a temperature compensating capacitor in parallel with the piezoelectric element and a series capacitor between the signal generator and shunt inductor within the matching network, along with a shunt inductor, to counteract temperature-induced changes in the dielectric constant, ensuring a constant electrical natural frequency and minimizing electrical loss across a wide temperature range.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Stability of the object's composition

If a temperature compensating capacitor is connected in parallel with the piezoelectric element to counteract temperature-induced changes in dielectric constant, then the electrical natural frequency stability over temperature is improved, but the device complexity increases due to additional matching network components

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical natural frequency stabilityVSAvoidmatching network complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by selecting specific capacitance values for the temperature compensating capacitor (C1) and matching network capacitors (C2, C3) that optimize frequency stability across temperature ranges. The capacitance values are chosen to counteract the temperature-dependent dielectric constant changes of the piezoelectric element, maintaining stable electrical natural frequency without requiring complex active temperature control systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The temperature compensating capacitor C1 acts as an intermediary element that mediates between the temperature-induced dielectric constant changes and the electrical natural frequency. By placing this capacitor in parallel with the piezoelectric element, it compensates for temperature effects on the dielectric constant, thereby stabilizing the resonant frequency without directly controlling the piezoelectric element's temperature.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If a matching network with multiple inductors and capacitors is used to minimize electrical loss and maintain frequency stability, then the communication reliability is improved, but the manufacturing precision requirements increase due to tighter component tolerances

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecommunication reliabilityVSAvoidcomponent tolerance precision
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent specifies particular ranges for inductor values (L1, L2) and capacitor values (C2, C3) in the matching network that optimize the balance between electrical loss minimization and component tolerance robustness. These parameter selections are designed to provide stable performance with commercially available component tolerances, avoiding the need for custom-toleranced components while maintaining communication reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The matching network is designed with slightly excessive compensation capacity - the capacitors and inductors are sized to not only compensate for expected temperature variations but also provide margin for component tolerance variations. This partial over-compensation ensures that even with standard component tolerances, the electrical natural frequency remains stable enough for reliable communication.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Stability of the object's composition

If the capacitance of the temperature compensating capacitor is increased to achieve better temperature compensation, then the frequency stability is improved, but the operational bandwidth is narrowed

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefrequency stabilityVSAvoidoperational bandwidth
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the capacitance value of the temperature compensating capacitor C1 to achieve the minimum necessary compensation for temperature-induced dielectric constant changes. Rather than using a large capacitance value that would ensure frequency stability, the design selects a precise value that provides adequate compensation while minimizing impact on the operational bandwidth, thus maintaining adaptability for communication applications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The temperature compensation is implemented with partial action - the compensating capacitor provides just enough compensation to maintain frequency stability within acceptable limits for communication, rather than achieving perfect frequency constancy. This partial compensation approach prevents excessive narrowing of the operational bandwidth while still providing sufficient frequency stability for reliable data communication.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration maintains a stable centre-frequency and expanded bandwidth, enabling reliable communication across diverse temperature environments, such as deep sea and mechanical machinery, with a suitable frequency range for subsea drilling applications and achieving a bit rate of 14 kbps using COFDM protocol.

Implementation Method 1

the temperature compensating capacitor being for counteracting temperature-induced changes to the dielectric constant of the piezoelectric element such that the electrical natural frequency of the acoustic transducer is constant over a range of temperatures

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature compensation:

Implementation Method 2

a piezoelectric element having a dielectric constant that varies with temperature

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDielectric constant variation with temperature: Dielectric Permittivity

Implementation Method 3

Each transducer can generate high frequency electrical signals and convert these into high frequency acoustic pressure waves to thereby transmit data. Further, each transducer can facilitate the conversion of high frequency acoustic pressure waves into high frequency electrical signals

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPiezoelectric effect: Piezoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 4

a matching network, having a natural frequency at a given temperature, and operable to transfer the signal from the signal generator to the piezoelectric element

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical impedance matching:

Data Source

PatentEP3274104B1Acoustic transducer
Publication Date: 2019.06.26 BAE SYSTEMS PLC
  • EP3274104B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3274104B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3274104B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

There is disclosed an acoustic transducer (20) for communications within an operational bandwidth, the transducer comprising: A signal generator (22) for generating a signal at a centre-frequency within the operational bandwidth; A piezoelectric element (13) having a dielectric constant that varies with temperature; A driving electrode (12) at the surface of the piezoelectric element (13); A matching network (21), having a natural frequency at a given temperature, and operable to transfer the signal from the signal generator (22) to the piezoelectric element (13) whilst mitigating electrical loss, the matching network (21) being connected to the driving electrode (12); Wherein the matching network (21) comprises a temperature compensating capacitor (28) connected in parallel with the piezoelectric element (13), the temperature compensating capacitor (28) being for counteracting temperature-induced changes to the dielectric constant of the piezoelectric element (13) such that the electrical natural frequency of the transducer (20) is substantially constant over a range of temperatures.