Active Clamping Circuit for Forward Converter Resonance Suppression

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional active clamping in single-ended forward converters experiences undamped resonance due to rapid input voltage changes and load jumps, leading to high voltage loads, component destruction, low control bandwidth, and limited load step capability.

Innovation Solution

A circuit arrangement with a controllable auxiliary switch and charge storage device that masks resonances by regulating the clamping voltage to a constant value, simulating the terminal voltage with a high limit frequency, and connecting the auxiliary switch in series with the main switch, allowing for dynamic suppression of transient voltages across the main switch.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional active clamping is used with the auxiliary switch always on during the off-phase of the main switch, then the magnetizing energy can be clamped and fed back, but undamped resonance occurs leading to high voltage loads and component destruction

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomponent reliabilityVSAvoidvoltage resonance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

A voltage-controlled current source is introduced as an intermediary between the auxiliary switch and the transformer primary winding. This current source acts as a mediator that regulates the demagnetization current independently of the auxiliary switch state, thereby suppressing the undamped resonance between the clamping capacitor and transformer inductance while maintaining reliable operation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The voltage-controlled current source uses feedback control to regulate the demagnetization current based on the voltage across the transformer primary winding. This feedback mechanism dynamically adjusts the current to prevent resonance buildup, eliminating the harmful voltage oscillations that would otherwise lead to component failure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Reliability

If the auxiliary switch is controlled to gate out the primary main inductance during clamping, then resonance is suppressed, but the control bandwidth is limited due to phase shift at low frequencies

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveresonance suppressionVSAvoidcontrol bandwidth
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The system transitions from static switch control to dynamic current control. The voltage-controlled current source continuously adapts the demagnetization current based on real-time voltage conditions, enabling resonance suppression across a wide frequency range without the phase shift limitations of fixed switching control mechanisms

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Productivity

If the auxiliary switch is used for demagnetization, then power can be transmitted efficiently, but rapid input voltage changes and load jumps excite resonance leading to severe performance restrictions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower transmission efficiencyVSAvoidload step capability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The voltage-controlled current source implements feedback control that senses voltage changes across the transformer primary and dynamically adjusts the demagnetization current accordingly. This feedback mechanism enables the system to maintain stable operation during rapid input voltage changes and load jumps, significantly improving adaptability while preserving power transmission efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically changes the operating parameters of the demagnetization circuit by controlling the current magnitude and timing through the voltage-controlled current source. This parameter control allows the circuit to adapt to varying load conditions and input voltage changes, enhancing versatility without sacrificing efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively suppresses resonances during load jumps and rapid input voltage changes, ensuring stable operation and high-frequency dynamic voltage regulation, thereby preventing component damage and enhancing control bandwidth.

Implementation Method 1

a charge storage device for actively suppressing transient voltages across the main switch

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Implementation Method 2

an auxiliary switch, coupled to the power stage, for demagnetizing the power transformer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP2369728B1Switching assembly for active clamping of a single transistor forward converter
Publication Date: 2018.05.23 AIRBUS DEFENCE & SPACE GMBH
  • EP2369728B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2369728B1 patent drawingFigure 2A
  • EP2369728B1 patent drawingFigure 2B

AI summary

The arrangement (100) has a controllable auxiliary switch (V2) coupled with a power stage (200) for demagnetizing a power transformer and a charging storage (C1) for active suppressing of transient voltages across a primary main switch (V1). The power transformer is coupled with the main switch for power transmission from a primary side of the power transformer to a secondary side of the power transformer. The auxiliary switch exhibits no relation to a reference potential of the arrangement during controlling of the auxiliary switch by the arrangement.