Active Mixer Bias Control for Broadband mm-Wave Linearity

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional active mixers face challenges in providing constant gain and linearity across a range of millimeter wave frequencies due to their dependence on the amplitude of the local oscillator (LO) signal, especially at mm-wave frequencies, where the direct current (DC) electrical current is strongly influenced by the LO amplitude, leading to inadequate performance.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of a biasing circuit and a combiner circuit electrically coupled to a voltage-biased mixer core circuit, where the biasing circuit generates a bias voltage with an inverse or direct relationship to the LO signal amplitude, resulting in a biased LO signal that is applied to switch circuits within the mixer core, thereby making the DC electrical current independent of the LO signal amplitude, ensuring constant gain and linearity across mm-wave frequencies.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If a conventional active mixer is used at mm-wave frequencies, then the mixer can operate at high frequencies, but the DC electrical current becomes strongly dependent on the LO signal amplitude, resulting in non-constant gain and poor linearity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperating frequencyVSAvoidgain constancy and linearity
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by dynamically adjusting the bias voltage applied to the mixer core based on the detected LO signal amplitude. When the LO amplitude varies, the bias voltage is adjusted accordingly to maintain constant DC current, thereby preserving gain constancy and linearity across different operating conditions while enabling broadband mm-wave operation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback by detecting the LO signal amplitude and using this information to control the bias voltage applied to the mixer core. The feedback mechanism ensures that when LO amplitude changes, the bias voltage is adjusted to compensate, maintaining stable DC current and consistent mixer performance across varying LO conditions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Power

If the LO signal amplitude is increased to improve mixing performance, then the output signal strength may increase, but the DC electrical current increases proportionally, leading to non-constant gain and reduced linearity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoutput signal strengthVSAvoidlinearity
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the bias voltage parameter in response to LO amplitude variations. When LO amplitude increases, the bias voltage is adjusted to maintain constant DC current, thereby preserving linearity while allowing the mixer to operate with varying LO power levels without degrading performance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP3552315B1Enhanced broadband operation of an active mixer
Publication Date: 2021.01.20 QUALCOMM INC
  • EP3552315B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3552315B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3552315B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described for enhanced broadband operation of an active mixer. In an example, an apparatus may include an active mixer that converts between radio frequency (RF) signals and intermediate frequency (IF) signals based at least in part on an alternating current (AC) local oscillator (LO) signal, wherein a direct current (DC) current generated within the active mixer is dependent in part on a bias voltage and the AC LO signal. The apparatus may include a mixer biasing circuit that generates the bias voltage for the active mixer, a magnitude of the bias voltage having an inverse relationship to an amplitude of the AC LO signal.