Arithmetic and Control Unit Segmentation for Real-Time Vehicle Command Reliability
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing autonomous vehicle systems face challenges in ensuring timely transmission of real-time control commands, which can lead to accidents or other issues if not sent promptly to vehicle controlling components.
Innovation Solution
A system comprising a storage device, an arithmetic and control unit (ACU) with a multi-core processor, a real-time transmission unit, and a vehicle controlling unit (VCU) that processes real-time sensor data to generate and transmit commands, ensuring timely operation of the vehicle, with features like real-time Linux operation and independent transmission unit operation even when the ACU is disabled.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a single processor is used to process all vehicle control tasks, then device complexity is reduced, but real-time control reliability deteriorates due to potential processing delays
Solution Approach 1:
The processor is divided into multiple independent processing cores, with at least one core dedicated exclusively to real-time vehicle control tasks. This segmentation ensures that real-time control commands are processed independently without interference from non-real-time operations, thereby guaranteeing real-time control reliability while maintaining manageable system complexity through modular architecture.
2Loss of time
If real-time vehicle control tasks are processed together with non-real-time tasks on the same core, then device complexity is reduced, but real-time control timeliness deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The processing system is segmented into dedicated real-time processing cores and non-real-time processing cores. The dedicated real-time core exclusively handles time-critical vehicle control tasks such as braking and steering commands, ensuring minimal processing delay. This segmentation eliminates task scheduling conflicts and priority inversion issues that would occur in shared-core configurations.
Solution Approach 2:
Different processing cores are assigned different quality characteristics: real-time cores are optimized for deterministic, low-latency processing with guaranteed response times, while non-real-time cores can use more flexible scheduling algorithms. This local quality differentiation allows each core to be optimized for its specific task requirements, minimizing overall system latency.
3Reliability
If the real-time transmission unit operates independently from the ACU, then control system reliability is improved during ACU failure, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The real-time transmission unit acts as an intermediary component between the sensing system and the vehicle controlling unit. It can operate independently when the ACU fails, directly transmitting processed sensor data to the VCU to maintain basic vehicle control functions. This intermediary architecture provides fault tolerance while keeping the added complexity isolated to a single dedicated component.
Solution Approach 2:
The real-time transmission unit is pre-configured with the capability to take over control functions if the ACU becomes unresponsive. By establishing this backup transmission path in advance, the system ensures that control functionality is maintained during failures without requiring complex real-time decision-making about system reconfiguration.
Data Source
AI summary
Systems and methods for operating a vehicle automatically in real time may be provided. The system may receive and process real time sensor data from a sensing system via an arithmetic and control unit (ACU). The system may obtain, via the ACU, one or more tasks during the processing of the real time sensor data. The system may classify, via the ACU, the one or more tasks into real time vehicle controlling (VC) tasks and non real time VC tasks. The system may further send the real time VC tasks to at least one dedicated processing core of the ACU for processing the real time VC tasks and generating one or more real time VC commands accordingly.