Adamantane Polymeric Surface Layer Scratch Resistance
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Existing electrophotographic photosensitive members with adamantane structures have limited scratch resistance due to mutual agglomeration, leading to non-uniform surface layer distribution and inadequate wear resistance.
Innovation Solution
A polymeric surface layer is formed by polymerizing an adamantane compound with two or more chain polymerizable functional groups, creating a three-dimensional network structure that prevents agglomeration and ensures uniform distribution of adamantane structures, enhancing scratch and wear resistance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Strength
If an adamantane structure is used in the surface layer, then scratch resistance is improved, but wear resistance deteriorates due to mutual agglomeration
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical structure parameters of the adamantane compound by introducing two or more chain polymerizable functional groups (such as acryloyl, methacryloyl, vinyl, or styrene groups) at specific positions (X1-X6) of the adamantane skeleton. This structural modification enables crosslinking polymerization to form a three-dimensional network, transforming the physical state from aggregated to uniformly distributed, thereby simultaneously improving both scratch resistance and wear resistance.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite structure by combining the adamantane skeleton with chain polymerizable functional groups and forming a crosslinked polymer network through irradiation. This composite approach integrates the mechanical strength of adamantane with the uniform distribution and wear resistance properties of crosslinked polymer structures, resolving the contradiction between scratch and wear resistance.
2Strength
If adamantane structures are present in the surface layer, then scratch resistance is enhanced, but uniform distribution is compromised due to agglomeration
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the molecular structure by introducing multiple chain polymerizable functional groups (at least two among X1-X6) that can undergo crosslinking polymerization. This parameter change enables the formation of a three-dimensional network structure through irradiation, which prevents agglomeration and ensures uniform distribution of adamantane structures throughout the surface layer, achieving both enhanced scratch resistance and manufacturing precision.
3Reliability
If a polymeric surface layer is formed, then wear resistance is improved, but scratch resistance may deteriorate if structure is too soft
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a composite material system combining the rigid adamantane skeleton with a crosslinked polymer network formed through irradiation of chain polymerizable functional groups. This composite structure provides both the wear resistance of a polymeric surface layer and the scratch resistance of the reinforced adamantane framework, resolving the contradiction between softness and hardness requirements.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the physical and chemical parameters of the surface layer by forming a crosslinked polymer network through irradiation. This parameter change increases the molecular weight and creates a three-dimensional structure that enhances both wear resistance and scratch resistance, preventing the surface layer from being too soft while maintaining polymeric characteristics.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The approach results in an electrophotographic photosensitive member with improved scratch and wear resistance, as demonstrated by reduced surface wear and absence of scratch images during extensive paper feed testing.
Implementation Method 1
a process for producing the above electrophotographic photosensitive member; the process having the step of forming the above surface layer by irradiating with radiations a coating formed by using a coating solution containing an adamantane compound represented by the above general formula (1), to polymerize the adamantane compound represented by the general formula (1)
Data Source
AI summary
An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer containing a polymeric product obtained by polymerizing a specific adamantane compound, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process for producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member.