Adaptive Battery Charging Profiles for Fast Charge and Lifespan
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing charging methods for electrical energy storage units in vehicles, particularly lithium-ion batteries, fail to consider varying boundary conditions, leading to issues such as lithium plating, premature ageing, reduced capacity, and non-optimal charging times, and lack transparency and complexity in profile selection.
Innovation Solution
A method and system that determine charging profiles based on a plurality of factors including current state, history, and application context, adjusting charging currents to optimize charging time, reduce wear, and extend the lifespan of the energy storage unit by considering temperature, state of charge, and other boundary conditions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of time
If fast charging is performed to reduce vehicle downtime, then charging time is reduced, but lithium plating occurs and energy storage unit lifespan is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The charging profile is dynamically selected from multiple pre-defined profiles based on real-time boundary conditions (temperature, state of charge, state of health). The system transitions between different charging strategies (e.g., from aggressive fast charging to conservative charging) as conditions change during the charging process, optimizing both charging speed and battery protection adaptively
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes key charging parameters (current, voltage, power limits) by selecting from multiple pre-defined charging profiles. Each profile contains different parameter sets optimized for specific boundary conditions, allowing the system to adjust charging intensity based on temperature, state of charge, and state of health without complex real-time calculations
2Device complexity
If a fixed charging profile is used for all conditions, then device complexity is reduced, but charging time cannot be optimized under varying boundary conditions
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple charging profiles are pre-calculated and stored before operation, each optimized for specific boundary conditions (temperature ranges, state of charge intervals, state of health levels). During charging, the system only needs to select from these pre-prepared profiles based on current conditions, avoiding complex real-time optimization calculations while still achieving condition-specific optimization
Solution Approach 2:
The charging process is segmented into multiple phases or stages, with different charging profiles applicable to different segments. The system divides the operating space into discrete regions based on boundary conditions and assigns specific profiles to each region, making the selection process systematic and manageable
3Power
If high charging current is applied to increase charging power, then charging speed is improved, but wear and ageing of the energy storage unit accelerates
Solution Approach 1:
The charging current is dynamically adjusted based on real-time monitoring of state of health and temperature. The system starts with higher current when the battery is healthy and cool, then progressively reduces current as the battery warms up or shows signs of degradation, maintaining optimal power delivery while preventing thermal runaway and excessive wear
Solution Approach 2:
The system continuously monitors boundary conditions (temperature, state of charge, state of health) and uses this feedback to select and adjust the charging profile. If the battery temperature rises or state of health deteriorates, the system automatically switches to a more conservative profile with lower current, creating a closed-loop control system that protects the battery while maximizing charging efficiency
Data Source
AI summary
A method for determining a charging profile from a large number of charging profiles for a current charging process for charging an electrical energy store includes determining a current state of the energy store, determining the charging profile from the large number of charging profiles based on the current state of the energy store, and charging the energy store based on the determined charging profile.