Adaptive BMS Node Control for Battery Degradation Mitigation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium-ion electrochemical cells are prone to damage from operating outside their intended range, leading to potential fires and reduced lifespan, and they require sophisticated battery management systems to ensure safe and efficient operation.
Innovation Solution
A method for adaptive electrochemical cell management in an energy storage system using a plurality of battery management system (BMS) nodes, where each node can independently adjust the state of operation of its associated cell assembly to mitigate degradation mechanisms, such as Lithium inventory loss or impedance growth, based on real-time signals and analysis.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If battery management systems control battery operation to ensure safe operation, then safety is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The battery management system is divided into multiple independent BMS nodes, each capable of autonomously monitoring and controlling specific cell assemblies. Each node contains its own controller and sensors, enabling distributed decision-making that improves safety without requiring a monolithic complex system architecture.
Solution Approach 2:
The BMS nodes dynamically adjust the state of operation of cell assemblies based on real-time degradation signals. The system transitions from static management to adaptive control, where operating parameters are continuously optimized to mitigate degradation mechanisms while maintaining safety.
2Duration of action of stationary object
If BMS nodes independently control cell assemblies to mitigate degradation, then battery life is extended, but system coordination complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
Each BMS node independently monitors its associated cell assembly for degradation mechanisms and autonomously adjusts operational parameters to mitigate damage. This self-service capability extends battery life without requiring constant centralized coordination, reducing overall system complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes operational parameters (state of charge, current limits, temperature thresholds) based on detected degradation mechanisms. By dynamically adjusting these parameters at the node level, the system extends battery life while maintaining manageable coordination complexity through localized control.
3Use of energy by moving object
If Li-ion cells operate at high energy density, then energy efficiency is improved, but susceptibility to damage and fire increases
Solution Approach 1:
The BMS nodes detect early signs of degradation mechanisms and proactively adjust operational parameters to prevent catastrophic failure. By taking preliminary anti-action against potential damage, the system maintains high energy density operation while reducing susceptibility to damage and fire hazards.
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements continuous feedback monitoring of cell conditions, detecting degradation signals and adjusting operation accordingly. This feedback loop enables the system to maintain high energy density while actively managing safety risks by responding to harmful factors in real-time.
Data Source
AI summary
A method for adaptive electrochemical cell management in an energy storage system including a plurality of battery management system (BMS) nodes, the method including (1) obtaining a first signal identifying one or more degradation mechanisms of a first cell assembly of a first BMS node of the plurality of BMS nodes, the first cell assembly including one or more first electrochemical cells, and (2) controlling a first BMS node controller of the first BMS node in response to the first signal, to change a state of operation of the first cell assembly to mitigate the one or more degradation mechanisms of the first cell assembly, independently of operation of a second BMS node of the plurality of BMS nodes.