Adaptive Battery Cell Balancing Using SoC and SoH Transfer
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing battery management systems, particularly in Li-ion batteries, face inefficiencies in balancing cell states of charge and health, leading to energy wastage and premature battery degradation due to passive and active balancing methods that are either wasteful or inefficient, especially in batteries with significant variations in capacity and cycling requirements.
Innovation Solution
A smart adaptive balancing system that continuously monitors the state of health and charge of multiple battery cells, using an energy balancing circuit and health assessment circuit to switch energy between cells based on measured parameters, ensuring balanced state of charge through capacitive or inductive charge shuttling, thereby extending battery life and saving energy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If passive balancing is used to protect battery health, then cell imbalance is prevented, but energy is wasted and heat is generated
Solution Approach 1:
A DC-DC converter is introduced as an intermediary device between battery cells to transfer energy from fully charged cells to partially charged cells. This mediator enables active balancing by converting and redirecting energy that would otherwise be wasted, resolving the contradiction between protecting battery health and avoiding energy loss.
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically changes operational parameters by monitoring state of charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH) of individual cells, and adjusting energy transfer rates accordingly. This allows the system to adapt balancing operations to real-time battery conditions, optimizing both health protection and energy efficiency.
2Loss of energy
If active balancing is used to improve energy efficiency, then energy wastage is reduced, but system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The DC-DC converter is designed to perform multiple functions: it provides active balancing by transferring energy between cells, monitors battery parameters, and controls the balancing process. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate dedicated components, thereby managing system complexity while maintaining energy efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The balancing system uses the existing battery management infrastructure and allows the battery pack itself to participate in the balancing process by utilizing energy from fully charged cells rather than requiring external power sources or complex additional circuitry.
3Duration of action of stationary object
If cell balancing is performed to extend battery life, then premature aging is prevented, but charging time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The active balancing process operates continuously or periodically during normal charging operations rather than requiring separate dedicated balancing cycles. The DC-DC converter transfers energy between cells in real-time as charging occurs, maintaining battery health without adding significant time to the overall charging process.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively maintains cell balance, extends battery pack life, and saves energy by dynamically adjusting energy transfer between cells, optimizing charge storage and preventing premature aging or destruction.
Implementation Method 1
ensuring balanced state of charge through capacitive or inductive charge shuttling
Implementation Method 2
ensuring balanced state of charge through capacitive or inductive charge shuttling
Data Source
AI summary
A battery balancing system includes an energy balancing circuit. Multiple battery cells are coupled to the energy balancing circuit. A health assessment circuit is coupled to the multiple battery cells and configured to sense a state of health and a charge of each of the multiple battery cells. The balancing circuit switches energy between the multiple battery cells as a function of the sensed state of health and state of charge of each of the multiple battery cells to balance charge there between.