Adaptive Battery Fast Charging Using Anode Potential Prediction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium-ion batteries face degradation issues due to lithium plating, which reduces their lifespan and hinders fast-charging capabilities, especially in cold temperatures and high charging rates.
Innovation Solution
A computer-implemented method that predicts the anode potential of a battery pack during charging, modifies the charging policy to adjust the anode potential offset, and controls the charging based on this policy to prevent lithium plating. This method utilizes historical data, cloud-based prediction models, and edge processors to detect and mitigate lithium plating in real-time.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If fast charging is applied to Li-ion batteries, then charging speed is improved, but lithium plating occurs which reduces battery lifespan
Solution Approach 1:
The charging policy is made dynamic and adaptive rather than fixed. The system continuously monitors anode potential and adjusts charging parameters in real-time based on predicted lithium plating risk, allowing the charging speed to vary dynamically to prevent plating while maximizing charging rate when safe
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes charging parameters (current, voltage, power) based on predicted anode potential and lithium plating risk. By adjusting these parameters dynamically, the system can achieve fast charging when conditions permit while preventing lithium plating when risk is detected
2Productivity
If fast charging is applied in cold temperatures, then charging speed is improved, but lithium plating is significantly increased
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary prediction of anode potential and lithium plating risk before actual charging occurs. By using historical data and climate information to train prediction models, the system can anticipate plating risk in cold temperatures and adjust charging parameters proactively before plating begins
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements continuous feedback monitoring of anode potential during charging. The prediction models continuously assess lithium plating risk based on real-time charging data and environmental conditions, and adjust charging parameters accordingly to prevent plating in cold temperatures
3Reliability
If traditional charging methods are used, then battery lifespan is maintained, but fast-charging capabilities are hindered
Solution Approach 1:
The system transitions from static traditional charging methods to dynamic adaptive charging. By continuously monitoring anode potential and adjusting charging parameters in real-time, the system can achieve fast-charging capabilities when conditions permit while maintaining battery lifespan through plating prevention when necessary
4Reliability
If anode potential offset is increased to prevent lithium plating, then lithium plating is reduced, but charging efficiency is decreased
Solution Approach 1:
The anode potential offset is adjusted dynamically rather than maintained at a fixed high value. The system increases the offset only when and where lithium plating risk is predicted, and reduces it when risk is low, thereby preventing plating while minimizing the impact on charging efficiency
Solution Approach 2:
The system applies different anode potential offsets to different battery cells based on their individual characteristics and real-time conditions. By customizing the offset for each cell rather than applying a uniform offset to all cells, the system prevents plating in vulnerable cells while maintaining charging efficiency in cells that don't require high offsets
Data Source
AI summary
In one aspect, while a battery pack is charging, a computer-implemented method may include predicting an anode potential of the battery pack, and determining whether the anode potential satisfies a threshold condition. Responsive to determining that the anode potential satisfies the threshold condition, the method may include modifying a charging policy of a battery pack to adjust an anode potential offset, and controlling, based on the charging policy, charging of the battery pack to adjust the anode potential offset.