Adaptive Clear-to-Send Messages for Unlicensed Band Coexistence

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Solution Overview

Problem

In wireless communication systems using unlicensed frequency bands, collisions between transmissions from base stations operating under different radio access technologies (RATs) like LTE-U, LAA, and Wi-Fi occur due to differing energy detection thresholds and timing synchronization requirements, leading to increased interference and reduced throughput.

Innovation Solution

Base stations transmit clear-to-send messages during the time interval between channel acquisition and the next timing synchronization boundary, which are decodable by access points, reserving the channel and preventing collisions by indicating the duration of channel reservation, and adjust transmission powers based on signal strengths to minimize interference.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If base stations transmit clear-to-send messages during the time interval between channel acquisition and the next timing synchronization boundary, then channel reservation is achieved and collisions are prevented, but transmission timing flexibility is reduced due to synchronization boundary constraints

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvechannel reservation reliabilityVSAvoidtiming synchronization complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The base station transmits clear-to-send messages in advance during the time interval between channel acquisition and the next timing synchronization boundary. This preliminary action reserves the channel before the actual data transmission begins at the synchronization boundary, preventing other nodes from accessing the channel during the critical setup period and ensuring reliable channel reservation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Object-affected harmful factors

If base stations adjust transmission powers based on signal strengths, then interference between nodes is minimized, but power control complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinterference between nodesVSAvoidpower control complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The base station measures the signal strength of received clear-to-send messages from other base stations and uses this feedback information to adjust its own transmission power. This feedback mechanism enables dynamic power control that minimizes interference between neighboring base stations while maintaining reliable communication, with each base station independently adapting its power based on local measurements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Adaptability or versatility

If nodes operate under different RATs with differing energy detection thresholds, then radio access technology versatility is maintained, but channel access conflicts increase leading to reduced throughput

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveradio access technology versatilityVSAvoidchannel throughput
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The clear-to-send message acts as an intermediary signal that bridges different radio access technologies. By transmitting these standardized messages during the channel acquisition phase, base stations operating under different RATs can mutually recognize each other's presence and coordinate channel access, eliminating conflicts caused by differing energy detection thresholds and improving overall channel throughput while maintaining RAT versatility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentEP3498031B1Coexistence on unlicensed frequency bands using adaptive clear-to-send-to-self messages
Publication Date: 2021.06.02 NOKIA TECHNOLOGIES OY
  • EP3498031B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3498031B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3498031B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A base station operates according to a first radio access technology (RAT) that requires synchronization on timing synchronization boundaries. The base station acquires a channel of an unlicensed frequency band and generates a clear-to-send message that is decodable by access points that operate according to a second RAT that does not require synchronization on the timing synchronization boundaries. The base station transmits the clear-to-send message during a time interval between acquisition of the channel and a subsequent timing synchronization boundary.