Adaptive Clock Modulation for Voltage Droop Timing Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional methods to mitigate voltage droops in integrated circuits often result in increased power consumption and performance loss, failing to effectively manage sudden changes in workload that cause sharp decreases in supply voltage.

Innovation Solution

An adaptive clock modulation (ACM) system that includes a delay circuit, frequency clamp, and squash controller to adjust clock frequency in response to die voltage changes, using two thresholds to distinguish between different droop events and prevent setup violations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If standard approaches are used to mitigate voltage droops, then voltage stability is improved, but power consumption increases and device performance decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage stabilityVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic clock frequency adjustment based on real-time voltage conditions. The clock modulation logic continuously monitors voltage droop events and adapts the clock frequency accordingly, transitioning from static to dynamic operation. This allows the system to maintain voltage stability only when necessary, reducing power consumption during normal operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the clock frequency parameter in response to voltage droop detection. By modulating the clock frequency between different states (normal, reduced, halted), the system dynamically adjusts operational parameters to balance voltage stability requirements with power consumption optimization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If standard approaches are used to mitigate voltage droops, then voltage stability is improved, but device performance decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage stabilityVSAvoiddevice performance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically adjusts clock frequency based on actual voltage conditions rather than applying static performance reduction. This allows the device to maintain full performance when voltage is stable and only reduces performance when necessary to prevent functional failure, optimizing the balance between reliability and productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The clock modulation logic uses feedback from voltage droop detection to control clock frequency adjustment. This closed-loop approach ensures performance is reduced only in response to actual voltage instability events, maintaining optimal performance during normal operation while preventing functional failure during droop events.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Use of energy by moving object

If clock frequency is reduced to mitigate voltage droops, then power consumption decreases, but setup violations may occur during voltage recovery

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower consumptionVSAvoidsetup timing compliance
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system applies preliminary clock stretching before voltage recovery occurs. By proactively extending the clock period in anticipation of potential setup violations during voltage rebound, the system prevents timing errors before they can occur, ensuring reliable operation during voltage transitions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The clock modulation logic provides a cushioning effect by maintaining extended clock periods during voltage droop events. This creates a protective buffer that prevents setup violations during the unpredictable voltage recovery phase, ensuring timing compliance even when voltage fluctuates rapidly.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

Data Source

PatentEP4160918B1Adaptive clock modulation
Publication Date: 2026.02.25 INTEL CORP
  • EP4160918B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4160918B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2F
  • EP4160918B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B

AI summary

Some embodiments include apparatuses and methods using a supply node to receive a die voltage; a delay line to stretch and squish a first clock signal in response to changes in the die voltage to generate a second clock signal; a frequency clamp circuit to receive the second clock signal and generate a third clock signal that is clamped below a frequency; and a squash controller to squash the third clock signal when the die voltage crosses at least one of a first threshold and a second threshold.