Adaptive Flight Control Gains for Variable-Payload VTOL UAVs

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Solution Overview

Problem

VTOL UAVs face challenges in adjusting flight control gains for varying payloads, particularly in terms of weight and center of gravity, which affects precision landings and overall performance.

Innovation Solution

The aircraft performs a series of maneuvers to detect its weight, center of gravity, and payload inertia, using this data to index lookup tables or numerical models for optimal control gains, and incorporates inflatable bladders to secure payloads and maintain a stable center of gravity during flight.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If VTOL UAV performs precision maneuvers for payload detection, then measurement precision of weight and center of gravity improves, but flight time is consumed

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepayload weight and center of gravity detection accuracyVSAvoidflight time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDuration of action of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs payload characterization maneuvers and detects weight, center of gravity, and inertia data before the main transportation flight. This preliminary action allows the adaptive flight control system to be pre-configured with optimal control gains, eliminating the need for continuous adjustments during flight and thus consuming minimal flight time while achieving high measurement precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Stability of the object's composition

If adaptive flight control adjusts control gains for varying payloads, then flight stability improves, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveflight stabilityVSAvoidcontrol system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The adaptive flight control system incorporates feedback mechanisms where the flight control computer continuously monitors payload weight, center of gravity, and inertia data, then automatically adjusts control gains accordingly. This closed-loop feedback system maintains flight stability across varying payload conditions without requiring complex manual intervention or overly complicated hardware modifications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The control system dynamically adapts control gains based on real-time payload characteristics. Rather than using fixed control parameters, the system modifies control gains on-the-fly to match the current flight conditions and payload configuration, achieving enhanced stability while keeping the underlying hardware relatively simple.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Stability of the object's composition

If VTOL UAV uses inflatable bladders to secure payload, then center of gravity stability improves, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecenter of gravity stabilityVSAvoidpayload securing system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses inflatable bladders filled with gas or liquid to secure the payload within the cargo area. By inflating these bladders, the system applies distributed pressure to hold the payload in place, preventing shifts in center of gravity during flight. This pneumatic approach provides effective payload securing with relatively simple infrastructure compared to rigid mechanical restraint systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #29Pneumatics and hydraulics

Data Source

PatentEP3653498B1Adaptive flight controls
Publication Date: 2023.10.11 TEXTRON INNOVATIONS INC
  • EP3653498B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3653498B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3653498B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

One embodiment is an aircraft (100) including at least one propulsion assembly (115); a cargo area (102) for receiving payload to be transported by the aircraft 9100); and a control system (20) for determining characteristics of the received payload; automatically determining optimal control gains for operating the aircraft (100) including the payload based on the determined payload characteristics; and providing control signals to at least one of the at least one propulsion assembly (115)and a control assembly of the aircraft (100)to control operation of the at least one propulsion assembly (115) in accordance with the determined optimal control gains.