Adaptive Image Sequence Watermarking for Authentication

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing techniques for authenticating multimedia documents, particularly video sequences, face challenges in balancing sensitivity to unauthorized modifications and robustness to compression, and lack optimization for video-type documents.

Innovation Solution

A method for watermarking image sequences that dynamically selects between two modes based on the difference between successive images, using a flexible hash sensitive to interpretable image characteristics but insensitive to processing changes, and includes an error control field to detect modifications and ensure robustness.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If robust watermarking is used to ensure readability after compression, then robustness to compression is improved, but sensitivity to unauthorized modifications deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverobustness to compressionVSAvoidsensitivity to unauthorized modifications
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamics by making the watermarking approach adaptive based on image content. The system dynamically adjusts between fragile watermarking (for static regions) and robust watermarking (for dynamic regions) based on motion detection and region importance analysis. This allows the watermarking strategy to change according to the specific characteristics of each image region and sequence position, resolving the contradiction between robustness and sensitivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes parameters of the watermarking system based on image characteristics. It modifies watermark strength, embedding method, and detection thresholds according to motion magnitude, region importance, and sequence position. By adjusting these parameters dynamically, the system achieves both compression robustness and modification sensitivity where needed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If fragile watermarking is used to detect unauthorized modifications, then sensitivity to modifications is improved, but robustness to compression deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesensitivity to unauthorized modificationsVSAvoidrobustness to compression
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically selects between fragile and robust watermarking modes based on real-time analysis of image characteristics, motion patterns, and sequence context. This dynamic adaptation allows fragile watermarking to be applied only where and when modification detection is critical, while robust watermarking handles compression-prone regions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different watermarking qualities to different regions of the image sequence. Important static regions receive fragile watermarking for high sensitivity, while dynamic or less critical regions use robust watermarking for compression tolerance. This local differentiation resolves the contradiction by applying the appropriate level of fragility/robustness to each specific context.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Reliability

If watermarking is applied to every image in the sequence, then authentication coverage is improved, but calculation time and processing complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication coverageVSAvoidcalculation time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies partial action by selectively watermarking only certain images in the sequence rather than every image. It uses motion detection and change analysis to identify which frames require watermarking, applying the technique only when necessary for authentication coverage. This reduces overall processing time while maintaining sufficient authentication capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Solution Approach 2:

The system segments the image sequence into groups based on motion and change characteristics, applying watermarking at strategic points rather than uniformly across all frames. This segmentation approach maintains authentication coverage by placing watermarks at key decision points while reducing total computational burden.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

4Measurement precision

If the watermark message includes detailed information from difference images, then detection precision is improved, but message length and processing complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection precisionVSAvoidmessage length and processing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts only the essential and relevant features from difference images for inclusion in the watermark message. It identifies and extracts key motion vectors, significant region changes, and critical frame identifiers, omitting redundant or less important details. This extraction process maintains detection precision while significantly reducing message length and processing complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The system includes only the necessary portion of difference image information in the watermark message, rather than embedding complete or excessive detail. It selectively incorporates minimal sufficient data required for authentication and modification detection, reducing message complexity while maintaining adequate detection precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Data Source

PatentEP2785039B1Method and device for tattooing an image sequence, method and device for authenticating a sequence of tattooed images and corresponding computer program
Publication Date: 2019.05.08 ORANGE SA
  • EP2785039B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3C
  • EP2785039B1 patent drawingFigure 4~6

AI summary

The method involves comparing a current image (i) with a preceding image (i-1) of a sequence, and delivering a difference image representing a motion between the images. The current image is watermarked, if the difference is above a predetermined threshold, by inserting (121) a message having a field carrying an identifier of the current image and a field carrying a soft hash obtained from a portion of the difference image. The current image is watermarked by inserting (122) the message having the field carrying the identifier of the current image if the difference is below the threshold. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a device for watermarking a sequence of images (2) a method for authenticating a sequence of watermarked images (3) a device for authenticating a sequence of watermarked images (4) a program for watermarking a sequence of images.