Adaptive Li-Ion Charging Control for Lithium Plating Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium ion batteries in xEVs are prone to lithium plating on the anodes during charging, leading to battery degradation and reduced lifespan.
Innovation Solution
A battery management system that measures and controls charging parameters such as charge current, temperature, and state of charge, using lithium plating models to predict and prevent lithium plating on the anodes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If fast charging is applied to lithium ion batteries, then charging speed is improved, but lithium plating on anodes increases leading to battery degradation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic charging parameter adjustment by continuously monitoring battery state (temperature, voltage, current) and adapting charging current/voltage in real-time. The control system modifies charging rates based on instantaneous battery conditions to prevent lithium plating while maintaining fast charging capability, transforming static charging protocols into dynamic adaptive charging processes.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes physical parameters of the charging process including current magnitude, voltage levels, and temperature thresholds. By adjusting these parameters dynamically during charging based on battery state, the system optimizes the balance between charging speed and prevention of lithium plating, thereby resolving the contradiction between productivity and reliability.
2Loss of time
If high charge current is used, then charging time is reduced, but lithium plating likelihood increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs periodic charging pulses interspersed with rest intervals during fast charging. This periodic action allows lithium ions to redistribute and prevents continuous high current exposure that causes plating. The system alternates between charging phases and relaxation phases, maintaining high average charging power while limiting peak current effects that lead to lithium deposition.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary assessment of battery state (temperature, charge level, internal resistance) before initiating high current charging. Based on this preliminary evaluation, the system pre-adjusts charging parameters to safe levels and implements preventive measures before lithium plating can occur, rather than reacting after damage begins.
3Reliability
If charging control measures are implemented to prevent lithium plating, then battery reliability is improved, but charging efficiency decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements closed-loop feedback control where sensors continuously monitor battery parameters (voltage, current, temperature) and feed this information back to the control system. The controller adjusts charging parameters in real-time based on feedback signals, automatically optimizing the balance between preventing lithium plating and maintaining charging efficiency without manual intervention or excessive conservatism.
Solution Approach 2:
The battery management system performs self-regulation by autonomously adjusting charging parameters based on its own monitored state. The system serves itself by detecting its own conditions and making appropriate control decisions, eliminating the need for external oversight or overly cautious fixed protocols, thereby maintaining both reliability and efficiency.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively reduces the likelihood of lithium plating, thereby enhancing the reliability and performance of lithium ion batteries in xEVs.
Implementation Method 1
Lithium ion batteries in xEVs are prone to lithium plating on the anodes during charging
Data Source
AI summary
A battery system includes a lithium ion battery that couples to an electrical system. The battery system also includes a battery management system that electrically couples to the lithium ion battery and controls one or more recharge parameters of the lithium ion battery. Additionally, the battery management system monitors one or more parameters of the lithium ion battery. Further, the battery management system controls the recharge parameters of the lithium ion battery based on at least one lithium plating model and the monitored parameters. Furthermore, the at least one lithium plating model indicates a relationship between the one or more parameters of the lithium ion battery and a likelihood of lithium plating occurring in the lithium ion battery.