Adaptive Modulation for Mixed Optical Receivers

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Current Passive Optical Network (PON) technologies face limitations in increasing data rates beyond 50 Gbps per wavelength due to spectrum scarcity and nonlinear physical effects, making it challenging to support higher data rates without replacing existing low-cost receivers or using coherent technology that requires separate wavelengths.

Innovation Solution

An apparatus that modulates a single-wavelength carrier wave using a combination of intensity, phase, and polarization variations, allowing selection of modulation schemes based on the type of optical receivers installed, enabling coexistence of high-tier coherent and traditional low-cost receivers on the same wavelength.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If traditional IM-DD method is used to increase data rate, then data rate can reach about 50 Gbps, but it cannot support data rates of 100 Gbps per wavelength or higher

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata rateVSAvoidcompatibility with receiver types
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically switches between IM and coherent modulation schemes based on the receiver type detected at the remote end. The OLT adapts its modulation method in real-time, using IM for DD receivers and coherent modulation for coherent receivers, thereby resolving the contradiction between achieving high data rates and maintaining compatibility with different receiver types

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the modulation parameter from fixed IM-DD to adaptive modulation that can switch between IM and coherent schemes. By changing the modulation parameter based on receiver type, the system achieves both high data rates for coherent receivers and compatibility with legacy DD receivers

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If coherent technology is applied to increase data rate, then higher data rate is achieved, but all legacy technology needs to be replaced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata rateVSAvoidreceiver replacement requirement
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the network into two distinct modulation paths: IM path for legacy DD receivers and coherent path for high-speed coherent receivers. This segmentation allows each receiver type to operate independently with its appropriate modulation scheme, eliminating the need to replace all legacy receivers while still enabling high data rates for users who upgrade to coherent receivers

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The OLT is designed with multi-functionality to support both IM and coherent modulation schemes. This universal capability allows the single OLT to serve both legacy DD receivers and modern coherent receivers simultaneously, avoiding the need to replace all legacy equipment while providing high data rate capability to those who need it

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Productivity

If WDM is used to increase data rate by using more wavelengths, then total capacity increases, but spectrum in O-band is already densely occupied and nonlinear physical effects arise

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetotal network capacityVSAvoidnonlinear physical effects
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of expanding in the wavelength dimension (WDM), the patent expands in the modulation dimension by implementing both IM and coherent modulation schemes on the same wavelength. This dimensional shift allows doubling the data rate per wavelength through coherent modulation without adding new wavelengths, thereby avoiding nonlinear effects while increasing total network capacity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for increased data rates without replacing legacy receivers, utilizes existing infrastructure, and avoids spectrum scarcity issues, enabling efficient data transmission while maintaining compatibility with both intensity and coherent detection receivers.

Implementation Method 1

a first module configured to modulate the carrier wave according to a first modulation scheme, by varying the intensity of the carrier wave

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIntensity Modulation:

Implementation Method 2

by controlling the phase and/or polarization of the carrier wave during selected periods

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase Modulation: Phase Modulation

Implementation Method 3

by controlling the phase and/or polarization of the carrier wave during selected periods

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPolarization Modulation: Polarisation

Implementation Method 4

Direct Detection (DD) at the receiver side, meaning that the receiver only responds to changes in the receiving signal power

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDirect Detection:

Implementation Method 5

A specific optical receiver is required, which allows for coherent detection, meaning that the phase of an optical signal can be recovered

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCoherent Detection:

Data Source

PatentEP3863198B1Apparatus and method for signal modulation in a point-to-multipoint optical network
Publication Date: 2023.10.04 NOKIA SOLUTIONS & NETWORKS OY
  • EP3863198B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3863198B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3863198B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Apparatus (200) for signal modulation in a point-to-multipoint optical network (100), the apparatus (200) being configured to modulate a single-wavelength carrier wave (204) before distribution towards optical receivers of a first type (101) adapted for intensity detection and a second type (102) adapted for optical field detection, the apparatus (200) comprising: - a first module (201) configured to modulate the carrier wave (204) by varying the intensity of the carrier wave (204), thereby representing data intended for the first type of receivers (101), and by controlling the phase and/or polarization of the carrier wave (204) during selected periods; - a second module (202) configured to modulate the carrier wave (204) by varying the phase and/or polarization of the carrier wave (204), thereby representing data intended for the second type of receivers (102), and by varying the intensity of the carrier wave (204) during selected periods.