Adaptive Motion Vector Precision for Video Coding Efficiency
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current video coding standards face challenges in achieving high coding efficiency due to complex relationships between video quality, data representation, encoding and decoding complexity, sensitivity to data losses, ease of editing, random access, and end-to-end delay, particularly with increasing demand for higher resolution videos.
Innovation Solution
The technology involves determining the precision of motion vector differences and motion vectors to enable or disable the symmetric motion vector difference (SMVD) mode for video blocks, and applying this mode based on motion information, to enhance video coding efficiency by optimizing motion vector prediction and coding processes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If motion vector precision is increased to improve video quality, then coding efficiency deteriorates due to increased data representation requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The patent dynamically adjusts motion vector precision parameters based on block characteristics and motion complexity. Different precision levels (e.g., 1/4-pel, 1/8-pel, 1/16-pel) are selectively applied to different video blocks, changing the parameter from a fixed value to an adaptive one that optimizes the trade-off between quality and data efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies different motion vector precision levels to different regions or blocks within the video frame based on local motion characteristics. High-precision vectors are used only where needed (e.g., high-motion or detailed regions), while lower precision suffices for static or simple regions, creating local quality variation that improves overall efficiency.
2Productivity
If symmetric motion vector difference mode is enabled to improve coding efficiency, then complexity increases due to additional determination and reconstruction operations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent makes the SMVD mode dynamic rather than fixed, enabling or disabling it based on real-time assessment of motion information and block characteristics. The encoder adaptively selects whether to apply SMVD processing to each block, allowing the system to balance complexity and efficiency dynamically rather than being statically configured.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the video frame into multiple blocks and applies SMVD mode selectively to different segments based on their individual characteristics. Not all blocks undergo SMVD processing—only those where the mode determination indicates benefit, thereby dividing the complexity burden across different regions rather than applying uniform processing.
3Measurement precision
If motion vector difference precision is increased to improve video quality, then bandwidth demand increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the precision parameter of motion vector differences adaptively based on the actual motion content and prediction accuracy requirements. Instead of using high precision universally, the system adjusts the MVD precision parameter to the minimum necessary level for each block, reducing the quantity of data transmitted while maintaining quality.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies high MVD precision only partially—to specific blocks where it provides meaningful quality improvement—rather than excessively applying it to all blocks. This selective application ensures that bandwidth is consumed only where the additional precision yields tangible benefits, avoiding wasteful transmission of redundant high-precision data.
Data Source
AI summary
Interaction between MV precisions and MV difference coding is described. In an exemplary aspect, a method for video processing includes determining, for a conversion between a first block of video and a bitstream representation of the first block, whether a symmetric motion vector difference (SMVD) mode for the first block is enabled or disabled and/or how to apply the SMVD mode for the first block, based on at least one of motion information, a motion vector difference (MVD) precision and a motion vector (MV) precision of the first block; and performing the conversion based on the determination.