Adaptive Neuromodulation for Mitral Stenosis Hemodynamic Control
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional treatments for mitral stenosis, such as valve replacement and repair, are associated with risks and do not effectively address hemodynamic imbalances, leading to reduced cardiac output and potential heart failure.
Innovation Solution
An adaptive neuromodulation system using vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) to modulate left ventricle contractility and systemic resistance, combined with a hemodynamic cardiovascular model, to stabilize hemodynamic imbalances in mitral stenosis through a cascaded control mechanism.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If valve replacement or repair is performed, then structural valve function is improved, but surgical risks and complications increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces mechanical surgical intervention (valve replacement/repair) with a neuromodulation-based control system that uses electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve to regulate cardiac function. This substitutes physical mechanical systems with a physiological control mechanism, avoiding surgical risks while maintaining valve function through adaptive neuromodulation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces the vagus nerve as an intermediary mediator between the control system and the heart. By stimulating the vagus nerve, the system indirectly modulates cardiac function through physiological pathways, avoiding direct intervention in the valve structure and thereby reducing surgical complications.
2Reliability
If conventional valve treatments are used, then valve structure is addressed, but hemodynamic imbalances persist
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a closed-loop feedback control system that continuously monitors hemodynamic parameters and adjusts vagus nerve stimulation in real-time. This feedback mechanism enables the system to dynamically optimize cardiac function and correct hemodynamic imbalances, improving energy efficiency while maintaining valve structure.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from static valve replacement to a dynamic neuromodulation system that continuously adapts to changing hemodynamic conditions. The adaptive control adjusts stimulation parameters in real-time, optimizing cardiac performance and energy efficiency throughout the cardiac cycle and during varying physiological states.
3Loss of energy
If adaptive neuromodulation control is implemented, then hemodynamic balance is improved, but system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a multi-functional control system that integrates hemodynamic monitoring, neural stimulation, and adaptive regulation into a single unified device. This universal system performs multiple functions (sensing, processing, actuating) that would otherwise require separate components, thereby managing complexity while achieving superior hemodynamic control.
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
AI summary
This disclosure provides a simulation platform to study and perform predictive analysis on valvular heart disease, Mitral stenosis (MS) and provides a control approach to correct hemodynamic imbalances during MS conditions. Conventional approaches of valve repair or replacement are often associated with risk of thromboembolism, need for anticoagulation, prosthetic endocarditis, and impaired left ventricle function. The cardiovascular hemodynamics model of the present disclosure helps to create 'what if conditions to study variations in different hemodynamic parameters like blood flow, aortic and ventricular pressure, etc. during normal and pathological conditions. An adaptive control system in conjunction with the hemodynamic cardiovascular system (CVS) is provided to handle hemodynamic disbalance during moderate to severe MS conditions. The adaptive controller is hypothesized in line with the neuromodulation approach and modulates left ventricular contractility and vagal tone to counter the symptoms associated with MS.