Emergency Start Charging Circuit With Adaptive PWM Regulation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing automotive emergency start power supply charging systems require specific charger parameters, leading to inefficiencies and potential damage when chargers deviate from these specifications, resulting in unstable charging and reduced efficiency.
Innovation Solution
A charging system with an inductor, switches, voltage acquisition circuit, and control circuit that dynamically adjusts switch states based on real-time voltage to stabilize output, using MOS transistors and PWM control for adaptive charging.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a dedicated charging management chip with fixed parameters is used, then the charging circuit can operate stably at designed parameters, but the system cannot adapt to chargers with different power specifications, leading to protection triggers or damage when charger power deviates from design values
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic parameter adjustment by using a control circuit that continuously monitors charging current and voltage, then dynamically adjusts the duty cycle of PWM signals to regulate the power switch. This allows the charging circuit to adapt its operating parameters in real-time based on actual charger output, resolving the contradiction between stable operation and charger compatibility.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the operating parameters of the charging circuit dynamically by adjusting the PWM duty cycle and switching frequency based on detected charger characteristics. The control circuit modifies current limits, voltage thresholds, and timing parameters adaptively, enabling the same circuit to safely handle various charger power levels from low-power USB chargers to high-power fast chargers.
2Reliability
If the charger power is less than the designed charging power, then the system may protect itself from overpower conditions, but charging cannot proceed normally and the charger may be damaged
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs feedback control where the control circuit continuously monitors the actual charging current and voltage, compares them with safe operating thresholds, and adjusts the PWM duty cycle accordingly. This feedback mechanism allows the system to safely operate with lower-power chargers by reducing the current limit and switching frequency, preventing protection triggers while enabling charging functionality across various power levels.
3Power
If the charger power is greater than the designed charging power, then more charging power is available, but the charging circuit cannot maximize utilization of the charger power, resulting in low charging efficiency and longer charging time
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses dynamic parameter adjustment to maximize charging efficiency. The control circuit detects high-power charger conditions and increases the PWM duty cycle and switching frequency to utilize the available power capacity. This dynamic adaptation allows the circuit to efficiently charge at higher rates when capable chargers are connected, resolving the contradiction between available power and actual charging efficiency.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Stabilizes charging output, maximizing efficiency and preventing damage by adjusting switch states to match the power supply's requirements, regardless of charger deviations.
Implementation Method 1
The control circuit is electrically connected to the first voltage acquisition circuit and a control terminal the first switch respectively, and the control circuit cyclically controls a switch on/off time of the first switch based on the first voltage
Implementation Method 2
a charging input interface, an inductor, a first switch, a second switch
Data Source
AI summary
A charging system includes a charging input interface, an inductor, a first switch, a second switch, a first voltage acquisition circuit, and a control circuit. The charging input interface is connected to the inductor, which is connected to the first switch and the second switch. The second switch is configured for electrical connection with an energy storage power supply. The first voltage acquisition circuit is connected to the second switch and configured to detect the first voltage output by the charging system in real time. The control circuit cyclically controls the switch on/off time of the first switch based on the first voltage. During the charging process of the charging system, when the first voltage is less than the first preset voltage value, the control circuit controls the first switch to conduct and starts cyclic control. The state of the first switch is opposite to that of the second switch.