Adaptive Reference Voltage Generator Using Self-Calibrating Transistors
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional bandgap reference circuits require prior knowledge of operation temperature for accurate calibration of power source voltage, leading to circuit failures under extreme conditions without adaptive self-adjustment.
Innovation Solution
A reference voltage generator using PMOS and NMOS transistors with self-adjusting gate-source voltages, allowing the reference voltage to automatically vary with temperature and manufacturing process, eliminating the need for conventional calibration procedures.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional bandgap reference circuit with calibration procedure is used, then reference voltage accuracy is improved, but device complexity and operation difficulty increase due to requiring prior temperature knowledge and manual calibration
Solution Approach 1:
The reference voltage generator automatically adjusts its output voltage based on detected temperature and manufacturing process conditions without external intervention. The circuit self-calibrates by detecting its own operating parameters and adjusting the reference voltage accordingly, eliminating the need for manual calibration procedures and external temperature knowledge
Solution Approach 2:
The circuit incorporates feedback mechanisms where the reference voltage generator continuously monitors temperature and manufacturing process conditions, then uses this information to automatically adjust the reference voltage output. This closed-loop feedback system maintains accuracy across varying conditions without requiring external calibration input
2Stability of the object's composition
If conventional bandgap reference circuit is used, then reference voltage stability is improved under normal conditions, but reliability deteriorates under extreme conditions due to inability to self-adjust
Solution Approach 1:
The reference voltage generator transitions from a static fixed-voltage output to a dynamic adaptive output that automatically adjusts based on real-time temperature and manufacturing process conditions. This dynamic adjustment capability allows the circuit to maintain reliability under extreme conditions while preserving stability under normal conditions
Solution Approach 2:
The circuit automatically changes its operating parameters (reference voltage level) based on detected temperature and manufacturing process variations. By dynamically adjusting the reference voltage parameter in response to environmental changes, the circuit maintains both stability and reliability across the full operating range including extreme conditions
3Measurement precision
If process and temperature detector with calibration is used, then reference voltage accuracy is improved, but ease of operation worsens because operation temperature must be known previously
Solution Approach 1:
The reference voltage generator performs self-calibration by automatically detecting its own operating temperature and manufacturing process conditions, then adjusting its output accordingly. This eliminates the need for external temperature knowledge or manual calibration procedures, making the circuit easy to operate while maintaining high accuracy
Solution Approach 2:
The circuit performs automatic calibration actions internally without requiring preliminary external setup. The self-calibration mechanism activates automatically upon power-up or condition changes, performing the necessary adjustment actions before the circuit begins normal operation, thus eliminating the need for user-performed calibration steps
Data Source
AI summary
There is provided a reference voltage generator for providing an adaptive voltage. The reference voltage generator includes a steady current source and a PMOS transistor and an NMOS transistor cascaded to each other. A reference voltage provided by the reference voltage generator is determined by gate-source voltages of the PMOS transistor and the NMOS transistor. As said gate-source voltages vary with the temperature and manufacturing process, the reference voltage forms a self-adaptive voltage.