Adaptive Wavelet Authentication for Banknote Security

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for authenticating banknotes using mobile devices face challenges in robustness and adaptivity due to fluctuations in camera quality, environmental conditions, and limited counterfeits for training, which can lead to misclassifications and false positives.

Innovation Solution

An adaptive Wavelet approach is implemented, where a categorization map is defined to select the most suitable Wavelet type for intaglio line structures, optimizing the Wavelet transform and using statistical moments and LACH features for classification, along with a multi-stage Linear-Discriminant-Analysis classifier to enhance discrimination between genuine and forged banknotes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a fixed Wavelet transform is used for banknote authentication, then the processing is simple and fast, but the classification accuracy decreases under varying illumination and camera conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveclassification accuracyVSAvoidprocessing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements an adaptive Wavelet transform where the Wavelet parameters are dynamically adjusted based on the actual image characteristics. The system analyzes the input image and selects optimal Wavelet parameters from a predefined set, allowing the transformation to adapt to varying illumination conditions, camera qualities, and banknote states while maintaining robust authentication performance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the parameters of the Wavelet transform based on the input image properties. By modifying Wavelet parameters adaptively rather than using fixed parameters, the system achieves better classification accuracy across different environmental conditions and device qualities without requiring complex retraining

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If multiple Wavelet types are tested and selected adaptively, then the classification accuracy improves, but the processing time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication precisionVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent pre-defines a set of candidate Wavelet parameters and their corresponding categorization maps before actual authentication. This preliminary preparation allows the system to quickly select from pre-analyzed options during runtime, avoiding the need for extensive real-time computation while maintaining high authentication precision

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of testing all possible Wavelet parameters exhaustively, the system uses a curated subset of representative Wavelet types. This partial action approach provides sufficient discrimination power for accurate authentication while significantly reducing the computational burden compared to exhaustive parameter search

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Reliability

If the authentication system is trained with limited counterfeit samples, then the training process is fast and simple, but the system produces false positives and misclassifications

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication reliabilityVSAvoidtraining data quantity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary analysis of the input image to determine its characteristics (illumination conditions, resolution, noise level). Based on this preliminary assessment, it selects the most appropriate Wavelet parameters and categorization map that are optimized for those specific conditions, reducing reliance on large training datasets

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different Wavelet parameters and processing strategies to different local characteristics of the input image. By tailoring the analysis to the specific properties of each image region and condition, the system achieves higher reliability with limited training data, as each analysis is optimized for its specific context

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Data Source

PatentEP2951791B1Authentication of security documents and mobile device to carry out the authentication
Publication Date: 2019.07.24 KBA NOTASYS SA
  • EP2951791B1 patent drawingFigure 1(a)~1(c)
  • EP2951791B1 patent drawingFigure 2(a)~2(c)
  • EP2951791B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method of authenticating security documents and a mobile device, especially a smartphone, programmed to carry out the method, based on an analysis of features which are produced by intaglio printing, which analysis involves a decomposition of sample images of a candidate document to be authenticated based on Wavelets, each sample image being digitally processed by performing a Wavelet transform of the sample image in order to derive a set of classification features. The method is based on an adaptive approach, which includes the following steps : - prior to carrying out the Wavelet transform, defining a categorization map containing local information about different intaglio line structures that are found on the security documents; - carrying out a Wavelet selection amongst a pool of Wavelet types based on the categorization map; and - performing the Wavelet transform of the sample image on the basis of the selected Wavelet.