Additive Heat Exchanger Header With Integral Flange

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing heat exchanger headers face challenges due to welded flanges, which can cause warping and complicate the attachment of sub-components, making the manufacturing process difficult and prone to errors.

Innovation Solution

An additively manufactured header with a base, tube, and flange formed in a layer-by-layer process, where the tube and flange are integrated with the header body, allowing for tighter tolerances and reduced weld joints, enhancing structural integrity and simplifying the attachment process.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If flanges are welded onto the header, then the header can be assembled with sub-components, but warping occurs and manufacturing becomes more difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of manufactureVSAvoidmanufacturing precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The flange is merged with the header body through additive manufacturing, creating an integral structure where the flange is formed as part of the header fabrication process rather than being welded separately. This eliminates the welding operation and associated warping issues while maintaining the functional connection between the flange and header.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Ease of operation

If flanges are welded onto the header, then the header can be assembled with sub-components, but the attachment process becomes more complex and error-prone

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of operationVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The flange and header are combined into a single additively manufactured component, eliminating the separate welding operation. This reduces the number of assembly steps and potential error sources while simplifying the overall manufacturing process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Strength

If welded flanges are used on headers, then traditional manufacturing methods can be employed, but structural integrity is compromised due to warping

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural integrityVSAvoidease of manufacture
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The welding process is replaced with additive manufacturing technology. Instead of joining separate components through welding (which causes warping), the flange and header are fabricated as an integrated structure using layer-by-layer material deposition, eliminating the harmful thermal effects of welding while maintaining structural integrity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution improves manufacturing tolerances and reduces failure modes, providing a more robust and efficient assembly process by integrating the header, tube, and flange through additive manufacturing, thus addressing the warping and attachment issues of traditional welded headers.

Implementation Method 1

The header body, the tube, and the flange are all additively manufactured together

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdditive manufacturing: 3D Printing

Implementation Method 2

The header body, the tube, and the flange are each formed in a layer-by-layer process

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLayer-by-layer manufacturing: 3D Printing

Data Source

PatentEP3904819B1Heat exchanger header fabricated with integral flange using additive metal process
Publication Date: 2023.09.27 HAMILTON SUNDSTRAND CORP
  • EP3904819B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3904819B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3904819B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An additively manufactured header (13A, 13B) for a heat exchanger includes a header body (14A, 14B). The header body includes a base (16A, 16B) and a top (18A, 18B) opposite the base. The base (16A, 16B) is open and configured for connection to a heat exchanger core. The additively manufactured header further includes a tube (20A, 20B) extending from the top of the header body and a flange (26A, 26B) formed on the tube. The header body (14A, 14B), the tube (20A, 20B), and the flange (26A, 26B) are all additively manufactured together.