Additive Manufacturing Process Control for Beam-Plume Interactions

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current additive manufacturing processes rely on iterative, human-in-the-loop methods for process parameter adjustments, which are prone to errors and are time-consuming, and fail to effectively manage beam-plume interactions, affecting workpiece quality.

Innovation Solution

An automated process control method using sensors and an electronic controller to monitor and adjust process parameters in real-time, generating a plume map to optimize beam-plume interactions and improve workpiece quality by iteratively refining parameters until minimal interactions occur.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If automated process control with real-time monitoring is implemented, then workpiece quality and manufacturing precision are improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveworkpiece qualityVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements automated feedback control by monitoring process parameters in real-time during additive manufacturing and automatically adjusting beam parameters based on detected deviations. Sensors detect plume position and characteristics, and the system responds by modifying beam power, speed, or path to maintain optimal fusion conditions and minimize defects.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs self-optimization by automatically analyzing sensor data from plume monitoring and autonomously adjusting process parameters without human intervention. The automated control system learns from each build iteration and independently refines beam-plume interaction parameters to improve workpiece quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Adaptability or versatility

If iterative human-in-the-loop process parameter adjustments are used, then adaptability is maintained, but productivity decreases and human error increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveadaptabilityVSAvoidproductivity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The system autonomously performs process optimization by automatically analyzing sensor data and adjusting parameters without human intervention. The automated control system independently learns from each build iteration and refines process parameters, eliminating the need for manual iterative adjustments while maintaining adaptability to different build conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces manual human decision-making with automated electronic control systems that use sensor data and algorithms to determine optimal process parameters. This substitution of human operators with automated systems eliminates human error and accelerates the optimization process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Manufacturing precision

If beam power is increased to improve fusion quality, then manufacturing precision improves, but harmful beam-plume interactions increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefusion qualityVSAvoidbeam-plume interactions
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically adjusts beam parameters in real-time based on plume conditions. Rather than using static high power settings, the beam power, speed, and path are continuously modified according to real-time sensor feedback about plume position and characteristics, optimizing fusion quality while minimizing harmful interactions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes multiple process parameters simultaneously including beam power, beam speed, and beam path to achieve optimal fusion quality. By coordinating adjustments across multiple parameters rather than simply increasing power, the system maintains manufacturing precision while reducing harmful beam-plume interactions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Productivity

If real-time plume mapping and automated adjustments are implemented, then productivity increases through reduced iterations, but device complexity and measurement requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebuild speedVSAvoidmeasurement requirements
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDifficulty of detecting and measuring

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces sensors as intermediary devices that detect plume characteristics and transmit information to the control system. These sensors act as mediators between the physical plume phenomena and the automated control algorithms, enabling real-time monitoring and adjustment without requiring complex direct measurement of all process parameters.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances workpiece quality by reducing human error, increasing efficiency, and ensuring consistent production by automating the optimization of additive manufacturing parameters, leading to improved dimensional conformance, surface finish, and reduced beam-plume interactions.

Implementation Method 1

a build chamber that encloses a mass of powder which is selectively fused by a radiant energy beam

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSelective Laser Melting: Laser

Implementation Method 2

selectively fused by a radiant energy beam

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeating: Heating

Implementation Method 3

The shielding gas is used to transfer heat away from the surface of the powder bed

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection cooling: Convection

Implementation Method 4

sensing a position of at least one plume based on a signal of at least one sensor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight scattering detection: Scattering

Data Source

PatentEP3558638B1Method for process control in additive manufacturing
Publication Date: 2022.10.05 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
  • EP3558638B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3558638B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3558638B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method is provided for controlling an additive manufacturing process in which one or more energy beams are used to selectively fuse a powder contained in an additive manufacturing machine having a gas flow therein in order to form a workpiece, in the presence of one or more plumes generated by interaction of the one or more energy beams with the powder, wherein the process is controlled by an electronic controller. The method includes: performing a build process to form a workpiece using a set of initial process parameters; sensing a condition of the finished workpiece; using the electronic controller, comparing the condition of the finished workpiece to a predetermined standard; using the electronic controller, changing one or more of the initial process parameters to define a set of revised process parameters; and performing a subsequent build process using the revised process parameters.