Additive Manufacturing Temperature Correction via Print Agent Application

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Solution Overview

Problem

Additive manufacturing techniques face challenges in achieving uniform temperature distribution during the solidification of build materials, leading to defects such as brittleness, loss of strength, and dimensional inaccuracies due to variations in thermal properties and environmental conditions, which are not effectively addressed by existing systems.

Innovation Solution

A method that involves preheating the build material to a temperature below the fusion point, selectively applying print agents based on temperature measurements, and adjusting the amount and composition of fusing and detailing agents to maintain uniform temperature profiles across layers, using predictive calculations and real-time temperature feedback to correct deviations from expected thermal behavior.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If build material is heated to cause melting in selected regions, then solidification and object formation are achieved, but temperature uniformity deteriorates leading to defects such as brittleness and loss of strength

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesolidification controlVSAvoidtemperature uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies different print agents (fusing agent, detailing agent, overcoat agent) to different regions of the build material based on local temperature conditions and desired outcomes. Each agent serves a specific function in controlling local solidification and temperature, allowing precise regional control while maintaining overall temperature uniformity across the build platform.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically adjusts multiple parameters including print agent concentration, application amount, energy source power, and build material properties to compensate for temperature variations. By changing these parameters in real-time based on measured temperature conditions, the system maintains optimal solidification control despite inherent temperature non-uniformities.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Manufacturing precision

If thermal properties and environmental conditions are not controlled, then manufacturing simplicity is maintained, but temperature distribution becomes non-uniform causing dimensional inaccuracies

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedimensional accuracyVSAvoidtemperature control system
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback control system that measures temperature distribution across the build platform and uses this information to adjust print agent application and energy source parameters for subsequent layers. This closed-loop control compensates for thermal drift and environmental variations, maintaining dimensional accuracy without requiring overly complex active heating/cooling infrastructure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system applies print agents to modify thermal properties of the build material before energy exposure occurs. By pre-treating the build material with agents that alter its thermal absorption, conduction, or emission characteristics, the system proactively compensates for expected temperature non-uniformities before they affect dimensional accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Temperature

If print agents are selectively applied based on temperature measurements, then temperature control precision is improved, but measurement and control complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature control precisionVSAvoidtemperature measurement
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSDifficulty of detecting and measuring

Solution Approach 1:

The build material itself serves as the temperature sensor through its thermal emission properties. The system measures infrared radiation from the build material to determine temperature distribution, eliminating the need for separate temperature sensors embedded in or near the build material. This self-measuring approach reduces system complexity while maintaining measurement capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach ensures more precise control over the solidification process, reducing defects and improving the physical properties and accuracy of the printed objects by maintaining optimal temperature conditions across the build material, thereby enhancing the overall quality of the three-dimensional objects generated.

Implementation Method 1

applying energy to the first layer of build material to increase in temperature beyond a fusion temperature over a portion of the layer so as to melt a region of the first layer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal energy absorption: Absorption (EM radiation)

Implementation Method 2

Additive manufacturing techniques may generate a three-dimensional object on a layer-by-layer basis through the solidification of a build material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSolidification: Freezing

Data Source

PatentEP3429825B1Temperature correction via print agent application
Publication Date: 2021.03.03 HEWLETT PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LP
  • EP3429825B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3429825B1 patent drawingFigure 2a~2c
  • EP3429825B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

In an example, a method includes forming, at an additive manufacturing apparatus, a first layer of build material to be processed in the generation of an object. A print agent is selectively applied onto the first layer based on a first print instruction associated with the first layer. Energy is applied to the first layer to cause fusion in a region of the first layer. The method further comprises: measuring the temperature of the first layer at a plurality of locations to form a measured temperature distribution profile; comparing the measured temperature distribution profile against a predicted temperature distribution profile to generate a difference; and correcting a temperature distribution profile of a subsequent layer of the build material following fusion of the subsequent layer based on the difference by modifying a second print instruction associated with the subsequent layer.