Additive Manufacturing Simulation Using a Moving Temperature Front

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for determining thermomechanical behavior during additive manufacturing are inaccurate due to the arbitrary choice of macrolayer thickness, leading to unphysical simulation results and residual stresses.

Innovation Solution

A method using a continuously moving temperature front to simulate the thermomechanical behavior, avoiding artificial subdivisions into macrolayers, and employing finite element analysis to calculate deformation and stress states accurately.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If the component model is divided into macrolayers for simulation, then the numerical performance is improved, but the manufacturing precision deteriorates due to arbitrary thickness choice

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenumerical performanceVSAvoidaccuracy of thermomechanical behavior determination
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The component model is divided into evaluation regions based on temperature distribution rather than arbitrary macrolayers. The simulation domain is segmented into an evaluation region (where temperature is below threshold) and a non-evaluation region, allowing precise tracking of solidification front without artificial thickness constraints.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the segmentation parameter from fixed macrolayer thickness to temperature-based evaluation region boundaries. By using temperature threshold values to define region boundaries instead of arbitrary geometric divisions, the simulation achieves both numerical efficiency and physical accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Device complexity

If macrolayers are activated sequentially with arbitrary thickness, then the simulation complexity is reduced, but the reliability deteriorates due to unphysical results

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesimulation complexityVSAvoidaccuracy of simulation results
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The evaluation region boundaries dynamically adapt to the temperature distribution during solidification. Instead of static macrolayer divisions, the simulation continuously updates the evaluation region based on the moving solidification front, ensuring physical accuracy while maintaining computational efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates a virtual temperature field model that copies the physical solidification process. By simulating temperature distribution and using it to define evaluation regions, the method reproduces the physical behavior without requiring complex detailed modeling of each macrolayer.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

3Manufacturing precision

If the temperature field is determined as a function of continuously moving temperature front, then the manufacturing precision is improved, but the use of energy increases due to continuous calculation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaccuracy of thermomechanical behaviorVSAvoidcomputational energy
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The simulation performs calculations only in the evaluation region where temperature is below the threshold value, rather than throughout the entire component model. This partial action approach reduces computational energy while maintaining precision in the critical solidification zone.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Solution Approach 2:

The component model is segmented into evaluation and non-evaluation regions based on temperature. By restricting detailed thermomechanical calculations to only the evaluation region (solidification front area), the method achieves high precision where needed while minimizing overall computational energy consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach provides precise determination of thermomechanical behavior, reducing residual stresses and improving the accuracy of additive manufacturing simulations.

Implementation Method 1

Determining a temperature front moving continuously in a direction of movement along the model, which characterizes a cooling behavior of the component during additive manufacturing

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCooling: Cooling

Implementation Method 2

Determining a deformation caused by thermal shrinkage of at least the first sub-area as a function of the determined temperature field

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal shrinkage: Thermal Contraction

Data Source

PatentEP4686517A1Method for determining a target size, electronic computing device, computer program product and electronically readable data carrier and method for producing a component
Publication Date: 2026.02.04 SIEMENS AG
  • EP4686517A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4686517A1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP4686517A1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for determining a target parameter characterizing the thermomechanical behavior during the additive manufacturing of a component, comprising the following steps (S1 to S5) performed by means of an electronic computing device (12): generating a model (14) of the component to be manufactured by additive manufacturing; determining a temperature front (22) moving continuously in a direction of movement (20) along the model (14), which characterizes the cooling behavior of the component during additive manufacturing; determining a temperature field (24) of the model (14) as a function of the temperature front (22); determining a sub-region (26) of the model (14), wherein in the sub-region (26) temperature values ​​of the determined temperature field (24) are less than a temperature threshold value and an outer boundary (28) of the sub-region (26) in the direction of movement (20) moves with the temperature front (22) in the direction of movement (20);and determining a deformation and/or stress state of the sub-area (26) caused by thermal shrinkage as a function of the determined temperature field (24).;