Additive Manufacturing Slice Analysis for Warpage and Delamination

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current additive manufacturing processes lack optimization techniques to ensure mechanical and functional performance while minimizing manufacturing costs and weight, and addressing issues like residual stresses and material properties during layer-by-layer construction.

Innovation Solution

An additive manufacturing system incorporating a layer-by-layer thermo-mechanical analysis system that models each slice as a rigid substrate to calculate response force distribution maps, determining optimized material properties and controlling the energy gun and powder composition to prevent defects like warpage and delamination, and incorporating sacrificial support structures as needed.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional additive manufacturing processes are used to manufacture structures, then manufacturing capability is achieved, but residual stresses and defects like warpage and delamination occur due to lack of optimization

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural integrityVSAvoidresidual stresses
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by performing thermo-mechanical analysis and calculating response force distribution maps before the actual additive manufacturing process. This pre-analysis allows optimization of material properties and process parameters in advance, preventing residual stresses and defects from occurring during manufacturing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback by using the results of thermo-mechanical analysis and response force calculations to continuously optimize material properties during the manufacturing process. The system adjusts material deposition parameters based on predicted stress distributions and response forces from each layer, creating a closed-loop control system that prevents defect formation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Manufacturing precision

If material properties are optimized layer-by-layer using thermo-mechanical analysis, then structural integrity and bonding between layers improve, but computational complexity and processing time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebonding between layersVSAvoidanalysis system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the additive manufacturing process into discrete layer-by-layer analysis steps. Each layer is analyzed independently with its own response force calculation and material property optimization, allowing the complex overall problem to be broken into manageable sequential segments that can be processed systematically.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses parameter changes by dynamically adjusting material properties (such as elastic modulus, thermal conductivity, and density) based on the calculated response forces for each layer. This allows optimization of bonding and stress distribution by changing material parameters according to the specific thermal-mechanical conditions of each layer position in the structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Measurement precision

If response force analysis is performed for each slice with rigid substrate modeling, then prediction accuracy of stress distribution improves, but computational time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestress distribution prediction accuracyVSAvoidcomputational time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-calculating and storing response force distribution maps for each layer before actual manufacturing. These pre-computed maps capture the stress distribution characteristics under rigid substrate assumptions, allowing rapid reference during manufacturing without repeating full computational analyses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses partial action by implementing a simplified rigid substrate model for lower layers instead of full elastic-plastic analysis. This partial modeling approach provides sufficient accuracy for stress prediction in most practical cases while significantly reducing computational time compared to complete non-linear analyses of the entire structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system achieves optimized material properties and structural integrity by preventing defects such as warpage and delamination, resulting in robust and lightweight structures with improved bonding between layers.

Implementation Method 1

an energy gun for successively melting a plurality of slices of the structure over one-another

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal melting: Melting

Data Source

PatentEP2962836B1An additive manufacturing system and method of additive manufacture utilizing layer-by-layer thermo-mechanical analysis
Publication Date: 2021.04.07 UNITED TECH CORP
  • EP2962836B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2962836B1 patent drawingFigure 2~4
  • EP2962836B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

A method of operating an additive manufacturing system (20) utilizing a layer-by-layer thermo-mechanical analysis system (68) includes the steps of pre-modeling a structure or workpiece (38) into a plurality of slices (42) stacked from a bottom slice (42C) to a top slice (42A) of the plurality of slices (42), assuming a second slice (42B) modeled immediately below a first slice (42A) is a rigid substrate, and run a response force analysis for the first slice (42A). The analysis system may reiterate this process for each slice (42A-42C) calculating a force distribution map (72) for each slice (42A-42C), and adding the force distribution maps (72) to a total response force map (70) of the entire structure (38). The additive manufacturing system (20) may then use the total response force map (70) to optimize material properties for selected regions of each slice (42A-42C) to a sacrificial support structure (74S) and/or the final product.