Additive Manufacturing Temperature Control via Localized Agents

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing 3D printing technologies face challenges in achieving uniform temperature control and material properties, leading to spatial temperature variations, defects, and reduced dimensional accuracy in additive manufacturing processes.

Innovation Solution

A 3D printing method that utilizes a radiant heater and a controller to apply fusing and detailing agents, with a thermal imaging device for closed-loop temperature regulation, ensuring consistent temperature differences between object and reference portions on the build surface, thereby achieving precise temperature control and uniform material properties.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If a radiant heater is used to heat build material in additive manufacturing, then heating efficiency is improved, but spatial temperature variations increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheating efficiencyVSAvoidspatial temperature uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies different liquid agents (fusing agent, detailing agent, cooling agent) to different spatial regions of the build material surface. Each region receives a tailored composition based on its specific heating requirements, creating local quality variations that compensate for the non-uniform heating from the radiant heater.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent modifies the chemical composition parameters of liquid agents applied to different regions. By varying the concentration and type of agents (e.g., carbon-containing fusing agents vs. water-based cooling agents), the thermal properties of different regions are changed to achieve uniform temperature distribution despite non-uniform radiant heating.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Temperature

If liquid agents are applied to control temperature, then temperature regulation is improved, but material property uniformity deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature controlVSAvoidmaterial property uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

Different liquid agents with specific compositions are applied to different regions of the build material. Fusing agents containing carbon are applied to regions requiring higher temperatures, while water-based cooling agents are applied to regions requiring temperature reduction. This localized application maintains material property uniformity by matching agent properties to regional temperature requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses imaging data to create a digital map of temperature distribution, then copies this information to guide the selective application of liquid agents. The imaging device captures thermal patterns, and this data is used to determine precisely where each type of liquid agent should be applied, ensuring accurate temperature control while maintaining material uniformity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

3Measurement precision

If imaging data is used to guide liquid agent application, then temperature control precision is improved, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature control precisionVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback loop where an imaging device continuously monitors the thermal state of the build material, and this information is used to adjust the application of liquid agents in real-time. The imaging data provides feedback on temperature distribution, which guides the selective spraying of fusing, detailing, and cooling agents to maintain uniform heating.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces complex mechanical temperature control systems with an optical-imaging-based control system. Instead of using multiple mechanical sensors and actuators distributed across the build surface, the system uses imaging data to guide liquid agent application, simplifying the overall control architecture while maintaining high precision temperature control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method reduces spatial temperature variations, enhances material uniformity, increases dimensional accuracy, and allows for closer object spacing during simultaneous multi-object printing, making the process more economical and desirable.

Implementation Method 1

a radiant heater to heat and fuse object portions

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal radiation: Thermal Radiation

Implementation Method 2

a thermal imaging device for closed-loop temperature regulation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal imaging: Thermography

Data Source

PatentEP3774287B1Temperature control in additive manufacturing systems
Publication Date: 2023.10.11 HEWLETT PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LP
  • EP3774287B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3774287B1 patent drawingFigure 3A
  • EP3774287B1 patent drawingFigure 3B

AI summary

In some examples, an additive manufacturing system includes a dispensing device, an applicator, a thermal energy source, a thermal imaging device, and a controller. The controller is to cause the dispensing device to deposit a layer of build material and cause the applicator to apply the fusing agent to form an object portion and to apply the detailing agent to form a reference portion in the layer of build material. The controller is to cause the thermal energy source to heat the reference portion and to heat and fuse the object portion and cause the thermal imaging device to measure a temperature of the reference portion. The controller is to regulate a power level of the thermal energy source based on a comparison between the temperature of the reference portion and a set-point for the reference portion, which is based on a target temperature for the object portion.