Adjustable Input Voltage Charging Circuit for High Efficiency
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional charging circuits have unsatisfactory operating efficiency, which varies with the charge capacity of the battery, leading to low efficiency when the battery has low charge capacity and high efficiency when it has high charge capacity.
Innovation Solution
A high efficiency charging circuit is designed with a main power circuit, a DC-to-DC converting circuit, a detection circuit, and a pulse width modulation controller, which adjusts the input voltage based on the battery's terminal voltage to maintain a high duty cycle for the DC-to-DC converting circuit, ensuring consistent efficiency regardless of the battery's charge capacity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Stability of the object's composition
If constant current charging is used to continuously and stably charge the battery, then the battery can be charged stably, but the voltage difference between both terminals of the battery is continuously increased, causing the duty cycle to decrease and operating efficiency to drop
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dynamics by making the first DC voltage Vbus adjustable rather than constant. The controller dynamically adjusts Vbus based on the battery's charge capacity and terminal voltage, allowing the system to adapt to changing conditions during charging. This resolves the contradiction by enabling the system to maintain high operating efficiency while providing stable charging through continuous voltage adjustment.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the parameter of the first DC voltage Vbus from a fixed constant value to a variable parameter that can be adjusted according to the battery's state. By changing Vbus in response to battery terminal voltage and charge capacity, the system maintains an optimal duty cycle range, thereby keeping operating efficiency high while ensuring stable charging.
2Device complexity
If the first DC voltage Vbus is kept constant, then the circuit operation is simple, but the operating efficiency varies with battery charge capacity, being low when battery capacity is low and high when battery capacity is high
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces dynamics by making Vbus adjustable through a controller that responds to battery conditions. This allows the system to optimize operating efficiency across different charge capacities while maintaining relatively simple circuit operation through automated control, resolving the trade-off between simplicity and efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements feedback by using the detection circuit to monitor battery terminal voltage and charge capacity, then feeding this information back to the controller. The controller uses this feedback to adjust Vbus accordingly, ensuring high operating efficiency regardless of battery charge capacity while keeping the control mechanism integrated and relatively simple.
3Loss of energy
If the duty cycle D is increased to improve operating efficiency, then energy loss is reduced, but the voltage difference Vb increases causing overcharging risks when battery capacity is high
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses dynamics to adjust Vbus based on real-time battery conditions, which indirectly controls the duty cycle to remain in an optimal range. This dynamic adjustment prevents the duty cycle from becoming too high (which would cause overcharging) while maintaining it high enough to ensure good operating efficiency, thus resolving the contradiction between efficiency and safety.
Solution Approach 2:
The feedback mechanism monitors battery terminal voltage and charge capacity, and the controller uses this information to adjust Vbus to maintain the duty cycle within a safe and efficient range. This feedback control prevents overcharging while ensuring high operating efficiency across all battery charge capacities.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The charging circuit achieves high operating efficiency across all charge capacities by dynamically adjusting the input voltage to maintain a high duty cycle for the DC-to-DC converting circuit, enhancing charging efficiency and stability.
Implementation Method 1
The main power circuit includes at least a first switching element and is electrically connected to a power source for converting an input voltage from the power source into a first voltage
Implementation Method 2
The DC-to-DC converting circuit is electrically connected to the main power circuit for converting the first voltage into a second voltage to charge the energy storage element
Data Source
AI summary
A charging circuit includes a main power circuit, a DC-to-DC converting circuit, a detection circuit and a controller. The main power circuit is electrically connected to a power source for converting an input voltage from the power source into a first voltage. The DC-to-DC converting circuit is electrically connected to the main power circuit for converting the first voltage into a second voltage to charge the energy storage element. The detection circuit is electrically connected to the main power circuit and the DC-to-DC converting circuit for detecting a terminal voltage of the energy storage element and the first voltage from the main power circuit, thereby generating a feedback signal. The controller is electrically connected to the detection circuit and the main power circuit for controlling operations of the first switching element in response to the feedback signal, so that the first voltage is adjustable according to the second voltage.