Adjustable Passive Balancing Circuits for Battery Pack Charging
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing passive balancing circuits in battery packs have fixed resistance values, failing to accommodate dynamic charging processes and leading to potential overcharging or undercharging due to slight voltage variations among batteries, compromising safety and longevity.
Innovation Solution
Implementing adjustable resistance passive balancing circuits with voltage and current detectors to dynamically adjust resistance based on real-time measurements, using MOSFETs and variable resistors to manage charging stages and prevent overcharging.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If fixed resistance passive balancing circuits are used, then the circuit structure is simple, but the battery cannot be effectively protected from overcharging due to voltage variations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transforms the fixed resistance balancing circuit into a dynamic adjustable resistance circuit. The resistance value is continuously adjusted based on real-time battery voltage and current measurements, allowing the circuit to adapt to varying battery conditions during charging and effectively prevent overcharging.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the resistance parameter of the balancing circuit from a fixed value to a dynamically adjustable value. By modifying the resistance parameter based on battery state measurements, the circuit achieves better protection reliability without requiring complex additional components.
2Reliability
If adjustable resistance passive balancing circuits are implemented, then battery protection reliability is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent makes the existing balancing circuit multi-functional by adding adjustability to its resistance parameter. The same circuit structure serves both as a simple passive balancing circuit and as an adaptive protection circuit, reducing the need for separate complex protection systems.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements feedback control by continuously measuring battery voltage and current, comparing these measurements with reference values, and using the error signals to adjust the resistance parameter. This feedback mechanism enables automatic adaptation to battery conditions without requiring complex external control systems.
3Adaptability or versatility
If fixed resistance values are used in balancing circuits, then manufacturing is easier, but the circuit cannot accommodate dynamic charging processes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces dynamic adjustment capability to the balancing circuit resistance, enabling it to adapt to different charging stages and battery conditions. This dynamic feature allows the circuit to handle varying charging processes effectively while maintaining a relatively simple overall structure.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent enables the resistance parameter to change dynamically during operation based on battery state. This parameter change capability allows the circuit to accommodate different charging processes and battery conditions without requiring multiple fixed-resistance circuits for different scenarios.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Ensures each battery is charged to a target value, preventing overcharging or discharging, thereby enhancing safety, lifespan, and charging efficiency of battery packs.
Implementation Method 1
passive balancing dissipates the excess power from fully charged batteries by adding extra resistors to the charging circuits
Data Source
AI summary
Systems, methods, and computer program products are provided for monitoring and passive balancing in battery pack charging. An example system includes a plurality of voltage detectors, a plurality of passive balancing circuits, a charging current detector, and a control circuit. The control circuit may be configured to receive a plurality of voltage measurements and a charging current measurement; determine based on a voltage measurement of the plurality of voltage measurements and/or the charging current measurement, whether to activate a passive balancing circuit of the plurality of passive balancing circuits to adjust the adjustable resistance of the passive balancing circuit; and adjust, based on a passive balance current measurement through the passive balancing circuit and the voltage measurement, the adjustable resistance of the passive balancing circuit.