Aero-Engine Weld Crack Stoppers for High-Cycle Fatigue

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Solution Overview

Problem

Aircraft engine components exposed to high cycle fatigue (HCF) often require over-dimensioning to prevent crack propagation, leading to increased weight and potential fuel consumption issues, as existing methods focus on repairing cracks rather than preventing their initiation and propagation along weld lines.

Innovation Solution

A method of manufacturing aero-engine components involves forming crack stoppers, which are discrete metal deposits across weld lines, acting as barriers to limit crack propagation, using metal deposition techniques to add material along the weld lines, thereby preventing crack growth and extending inspection intervals.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If structural elements are over-dimensioned to prevent crack propagation in HCF regions, then crack resistance is improved, but component weight increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecrack resistanceVSAvoidcomponent weight
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local reinforcement by adding material specifically at weld lines where cracks are most likely to initiate and propagate. Instead of globally over-dimensioning the entire structural element, the invention creates localized crack stoppers at critical weld locations. This allows the bulk of the structure to maintain its original lightweight design while providing targeted crack propagation barriers only where needed, thus resolving the contradiction between crack resistance and overall weight.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Reliability

If weld lines are avoided in critical areas, then crack initiation risk is reduced, but structural design flexibility and connectivity are limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecrack initiation riskVSAvoidstructural design flexibility
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The invention applies preliminary protective action by forming crack stoppers at weld lines before any crack can initiate or propagate. The crack stoppers are created as discrete metal deposits that span across the weld line, establishing a barrier in advance. This allows weld lines to be used freely in structural design without compromising reliability, as the preliminary crack stoppers prevent crack propagation even if initiation occurs at the weld.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Measurement precision

If regular inspections are performed to detect cracks, then crack detection capability is maintained, but maintenance frequency and operational downtime increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecrack detection capabilityVSAvoidmaintenance frequency
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The crack stoppers act as a beforehand cushioning measure that limits crack propagation to a maximum length between stoppers. Even if a crack initiates at a weld line, it cannot propagate indefinitely but is arrested by the discrete metal deposits. This cushioning effect extends the time between required inspections, as cracks are limited in growth and can be detected at earlier stages, reducing maintenance frequency while maintaining safety.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method effectively limits crack propagation along weld lines, allowing for the production of lightweight components by preventing crack growth, thus reducing the weight and maintenance frequency of aircraft structures while maintaining structural integrity.

Implementation Method 1

adding material across the weld line, thereby forming a crack stopper for limiting crack propagation along the weld line

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMetal deposition: Deposition (physical)

Data Source

PatentEP3209456B1Method of manufacturing an aero-engine component with cracks stoppers for the welds
Publication Date: 2021.05.26 GKN AEROSPACE SWEDEN AB
  • EP3209456B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3209456B1 patent drawingFigure 3A
  • EP3209456B1 patent drawingFigure 3B~3C

AI summary

A method for joining two structural elements (26, 28) by welding, in particular by butt welding, is disclosed. The method comprises the following steps: - forming a weld line (30) joining the two structural elements; - adding material (32) across the weld line (30), thereby forming one or more crack stoppers (34) for limiting crack propagation along the weld line. The one or more crack stoppers (34) each having a limited extension along the weld line (30) as seen in relation to a length of the weld line. A structural system comprising two structural elements joined by the method is disclosed. Especially, the method may be applied to components of aircraft engines.