Aerosol Fire Suppression Composition Reducing Toxic Gas
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Solution Overview
Problem
Aerosol-forming compositions for fire extinguishing produce toxic gases like carbon dioxide and ammonia due to incomplete combustion, primarily due to insufficient oxidant content and poorly burning carbonized layers, which are hazardous and inefficient, especially in enclosed spaces.
Innovation Solution
An aerosol-forming composition comprising alkali metal nitrate, novolac-type phenol formaldehyde resin, epoxy resin, sodium carbonate, magnesium hexacyanoferrate, and cobalt(II) nitrate, with aluminium oxide and copper oxide as additives, is developed to modify combustion processes and reduce toxic gas concentrations by enhancing phase interactions and catalytic processes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If conventional aerosol-forming compositions are used for fire extinguishing, then fire extinguishing efficiency is achieved, but toxic gases (carbon monoxide and ammonia) are produced due to incomplete combustion
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical composition parameters by introducing magnesium hexacyanoferrate as a combustion modifier and adjusting the ratios of oxidant (potassium nitrate), fuel (phenol formaldehyde resin), and additional fuels (dicyandiamide, urea). These parameter changes optimize the combustion reaction to reduce toxic gas production while maintaining fire extinguishing effectiveness.
Solution Approach 2:
Magnesium hexacyanoferrate acts as an intermediary substance that facilitates complete combustion by providing additional oxygen release and catalytic effects. It mediates between the primary oxidant and fuel components, ensuring more thorough oxidation of combustion products and reducing carbon monoxide and ammonia formation.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If phenol formaldehyde resin with more than 3 aromatic ring structures is used to reduce toxicity, then thermal resistance increases, but carbon oxide content in thermal decomposition products increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a composite fuel system combining phenol formaldehyde resin with epoxy resin and multiple additional fuels (dicyandiamide, urea). This composite approach balances the thermal resistance benefits of aromatic structures with the low carbon oxide production of heterocyclic compounds, achieving reduced toxicity without excessive carbon monoxide generation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies different fuel components with specific local functions: phenol formaldehyde resin provides thermal resistance and structural stability, while dicyandiamide and urea provide nitrogen-rich combustion that reduces carbon monoxide formation. Each component is optimized for its specific role in the overall combustion process.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If combustion inhibitors are added to reduce toxic gases, then ammonia content decreases, but coking residue increases reducing fire extinguishing efficiency
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the concentration of combustion modifiers (magnesium hexacyanoferrate at 0.1-5% and cobalt nitrate at 0.1-5%) to achieve the right balance between ammonia reduction and maintaining combustion efficiency. This precise parameter control prevents excessive coking while suppressing toxic gas formation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses metal complex compounds (magnesium hexacyanoferrate and cobalt nitrate) that replicate and enhance the beneficial effects of traditional combustion modifiers while producing less coking residue. These metal complexes provide catalytic pathways that reduce ammonia formation without the severe side effects of conventional organic combustion inhibitors.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition significantly reduces ammonia and carbon monoxide concentrations, achieving stable combustion, improved thermal resistance, and enhanced fire extinguishing efficiency while ensuring operational safety even in severe conditions.
Implementation Method 1
magnesium hexacyanoferrate and cobalt(II) nitrate, with an aluminium oxide and a copper oxide as promoting additives... as a combustion modifier... to modify combustion processes and reduce toxic gas concentrations by enhancing phase interactions and catalytic processes
Implementation Method 2
an alkali metal nitrate as an oxidant... Pyrotechnic mixture combustion produces inhibitors in gaseous state
Implementation Method 3
a novolac-type phenol formaldehyde resin and an epoxy resin as a fuel/binder... Pyrotechnic mixture combustion produces inhibitors in gaseous state and a disperse solid condensed phase
Implementation Method 4
with an aluminium oxide and a copper oxide as promoting additives
Data Source
AI summary
An aerosol-forming composition for fire suppression contains alkali metal nitrate as an oxidant, a novolac-type phenol formaldehyde resin and an epoxide resin as a fuel/binder, a mixture of sodium carbonate and at least one alkali metal salt and carbonic acid as an additional fuel that simultaneously fulfills the function of a coolant, a gas-forming buffer component and a steam-regulating component, a mixture of magnesium hexacyanoferrate (II) (Mg2[Fe(CN)6]) with cobalt (II) nitrate (Co(NO3)2) and with promoting additives of aluminum oxide and copper oxide as a combustion modifier. The proposed composition makes it possible to reduce the concentration of toxic substances in its combustion products, and also provides high thermodynamic stability and, as a result, heat resistance, impact resistance, moisture resistance and safety of use of the composition, including under severe climatic conditions.