Affinity Matrix Cell Isolation Minimizing Blood Loss
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for isolating stem cells from peripheral blood are limited by the small number of cells available, leading to challenges in clinical utilization due to the need for large volumes of blood, which results in unnecessary fluid loss and inefficiency in cell collection.
Innovation Solution
A method using cell-specific affinity moieties, such as antibodies, to selectively isolate and purify stem cells from body fluids, including peripheral blood, by employing a filtering system that allows the return of non-target cells to the patient, thereby minimizing fluid loss and increasing cell yields.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If large volumes of blood are obtained for cell isolation, then the number of target cells collected increases, but fluid loss and waste of blood increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts only the specific target cells (stem cells, progenitor cells, or other desired cell types) from the blood stream using cell-specific affinity moieties, while returning the remaining blood components to the patient. This selective extraction eliminates the need to discard large volumes of blood, thereby resolving the contradiction between obtaining sufficient target cells and minimizing fluid loss.
Solution Approach 2:
Instead of discarding the majority of blood after cell collection, the patent recovers and returns the non-target blood components to the patient. This recovery approach allows for collection of adequate target cells while preserving valuable blood resources, directly addressing the contradiction between cell yield and fluid waste.
2Quantity of substance
If the entire blood volume is processed, then cell yield increases, but the complexity of the procedure increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces cell-specific affinity moieties (such as antibodies or ligands) as intermediaries that selectively bind to target cells. These intermediaries facilitate the separation process by providing specific binding sites, allowing the system to process entire blood volumes efficiently without requiring complex manual separation techniques, thus resolving the contradiction between high cell yield and procedural complexity.
3Ease of operation
If conventional cell isolation methods are used, then the procedure is simple, but the number of cells available for therapy is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces conventional mechanical cell separation methods (such as centrifugation or filtration) with a biochemical affinity-based system. Cell-specific affinity moieties selectively bind to target cells, enabling efficient separation and collection of sufficient cell numbers while maintaining operational simplicity through automated flow systems, thereby resolving the contradiction between procedural simplicity and cell quantity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables the efficient collection and purification of stem cells from the entire blood volume without depleting other cell types, allowing for increased cell biomass for therapeutic use and reducing the need for in vitro culture, thus overcoming the limitations of existing techniques.
Implementation Method 1
selecting a target cell population using at least one cell-specific affinity moiety
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention provides methods and devices for isolating cells from a subject by circulating the subject's body fluid over an affinity moeity coupled matrix to isolate cells from a subject either ex vivo or in vivo. One aspect of the invention is directed to connecting a subject to a system capable of circulating the subject's body fluid through an affinity moiety coupled matrix, such that the affinity moiety coupled matrix is capable of binding to and extracting target cells from the body fluid, and then eluting the target cells from the affinity moiety. Another aspect of the invention is directed to the apparatus for isolating cells from a subject, comprising a blood circulation system with an arterial side blood circuit for extracting blood and flowing the blood over an affinity moiety coupled matrix that binds to and extracts target cells and a venous side blood circuit for returning the blood to the patient. The invention is also directed to in vivo seeding of biomatrials by implanting the affinity moiety coupled matrix in a subject to attract and bind the target cells in vivo.