AHPND Detection via Gene Expression Signatures
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods lack effective detection and control measures for acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimp aquaculture, leading to significant economic losses and mortality, with no viable therapeutic options available due to antibiotic prohibitions.
Innovation Solution
Development of methods to detect AHPND susceptible and tolerant organisms using specific gene signatures, such as those comprising SEP8, BGBP, CRST-P, CTL1-like, LGBP, EC-SOD, SP, PEN2, PPAE2, CHYA, CHYB, PirA-like, and EF1-alpha, to identify and manage disease susceptibility and tolerance, and administration of agents to modify tolerance or susceptibility.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If current detection methods are used for AHPND, then detection capability is insufficient, but implementation cost and complexity remain low
Solution Approach 1:
The detection method is segmented into multiple stages: initial screening using simple presence/absence tests, followed by confirmatory testing using gene expression analysis of specific markers (ppae2, chyA, sp). This segmentation allows the system to achieve high detection precision while keeping the overall implementation complexity manageable by applying different levels of complexity only where necessary.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces gene expression markers (ppae2, chyA, sp) as intermediary indicators that mediate between the presence of the pathogen and the disease state. These molecular markers serve as reliable proxies that enable precise detection without requiring direct observation of disease symptoms, thereby improving measurement precision while maintaining feasible implementation complexity.
2Reliability
If no therapeutic options are available due to antibiotic prohibitions, then treatment capability is nonexistent, but regulatory compliance is maintained
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements preliminary detection and monitoring actions before disease outbreaks occur by establishing baseline gene expression profiles and continuously monitoring for changes in marker expression levels. This allows for early intervention through management practices rather than therapeutic treatment, ensuring reliable disease control while maintaining regulatory compliance with antibiotic prohibitions.
Solution Approach 2:
The system establishes a feedback loop where gene expression levels of markers (ppae2, chyA, sp) are continuously monitored and used to adjust management practices. This feedback mechanism provides reliable disease control by enabling real-time monitoring and responsive management decisions, replacing the need for therapeutic options with a proactive monitoring and management approach.
3Productivity
If shrimp farming is conducted with poor biosecurity measures, then production cost is reduced, but disease risk increases significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The detection method enables preliminary identification of infected or susceptible shrimp populations before disease outbreaks occur. By screening for the presence of the pathogen and monitoring gene expression markers early in the production cycle, farmers can take preventive actions such as isolating affected individuals or adjusting management practices, thereby controlling disease risk while maintaining production efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces complex mechanical biosecurity systems with a molecular detection system based on gene expression analysis. Instead of relying on physical barriers and strict biosecurity protocols, the system uses molecular markers (ppae2, chyA, sp) to detect and monitor disease risk, simplifying the overall system while effectively controlling harmful factors and maintaining productivity.
Data Source
AI summary
Described herein are methods of detecting acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) tolerant and AHPND susceptible organisms and uses thereof. Also described herein are signatures of AHPND tolerant and AHPND susceptible organisms.