AI Stroke Risk Prediction from Carotid Artery Imaging

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for predicting stroke risk, such as computational fluid dynamics and 4D flow MRI, are inefficient due to long processing times, high computational power requirements, and limited anatomical image quality, making them unsuitable for real-time clinical adoption.

Innovation Solution

An AI-based system that rapidly generates flow information from patient-specific carotid artery geometric parameters, using machine-learned models like recurrent neural networks or transformers, to predict stroke risk by perturbing these parameters and selecting candidate flows that match measured flow data.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If computational fluid dynamics is used to analyze carotid flow, then flow information can be obtained, but processing time is long and computational power requirements are high

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveflow information accuracyVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a simplified geometric model that copies the essential features of the patient-specific carotid anatomy. This simplified model serves as a surrogate for the complex original geometry, enabling rapid flow analysis while preserving the key hemodynamic characteristics needed for stroke risk assessment

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transforms the complex 3D geometric parameters into a reduced set of key parameters that capture the essential flow dynamics. By changing the parameter representation from detailed spatial coordinates to simplified geometric descriptors, the system achieves faster processing while maintaining diagnostic accuracy

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If patient-specific geometry is used for CFD analysis, then accurate flow information is obtained, but preprocessing time for segmentation and meshing is long

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveflow information accuracyVSAvoidprocessing efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The system creates a simplified geometric copy that retains the essential flow-determining features of the patient-specific anatomy. This copied model eliminates the need for time-consuming segmentation and meshing while preserving the hemodynamic information necessary for accurate stroke risk prediction

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent extracts only the critical geometric features from the full patient-specific model that are necessary for flow analysis. By taking out and retaining only the essential parameters that influence flow patterns, the system bypasses the lengthy preprocessing steps while maintaining diagnostic accuracy

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Reliability

If traditional methods are used for stroke risk prediction, then comprehensive analysis is performed, but the complex workflow with significant processing time limits clinical adoption

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprediction accuracyVSAvoidworkflow complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the parameter set from comprehensive detailed geometric parameters to a reduced set of key geometric descriptors. This parameter transformation simplifies the workflow while maintaining the reliability of stroke risk prediction by focusing on the most diagnostically relevant features

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP4407630A1Artificial intelligence-based stroke risk prediction from carotid artery imaging information
Publication Date: 2024.07.31 SIEMENS MEDICAL SOLUTIONS USA INC
  • EP4407630A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4407630A1 patent drawingFigure 2~3B
  • EP4407630A1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

For predicting (140) stroke risk, an artificial intelligence (450) rapidly generates (140) flow information from input of geometric parameters of a carotid of a patient. An image processor (420) predicts (152) the stroke risk from the flow information. In one approach, the values of the geometric parameters of the carotid of the patient are perturbed based on uncertainty (130). The artificial intelligence (450) generates (140) candidate flow information for each perturbation. The candidate flow information sufficiently matching (150) a measurement of flow for the patient is used as the flow information for stroke risk prediction (152).