Air Bearing Surface Coating for High-Temperature Low-Friction Operation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current air bearing coatings, such as polymeric coatings, are limited by their operating temperature thresholds and are expensive to manufacture, requiring excess bleed air and extensive labor for application, which lowers efficiency and restricts their use in higher temperature environments.

Innovation Solution

The use of tungsten carbide and diamond-like carbon (DLC) nonpolymeric self-lubricating coatings applied through vapor deposition methods like CVD and PVD, which provide lubricity and durability, allowing air bearings to operate at higher temperatures without the need for post-coat machining and fluorinated polymer coatings.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If polymeric coatings are used for air bearing surfaces, then lubrication is provided, but operating temperature is limited and manufacturing cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperating temperatureVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the material parameter from polymeric coatings to inorganic coatings (tungsten carbide, diamond-like carbon), which fundamentally alters the temperature resistance capability while reducing manufacturing complexity and cost

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs coating materials that are more cost-effective and durable than polymeric alternatives, eliminating the need for frequent replacement or special handling associated with temperature-sensitive polymer coatings

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

2Use of energy by moving object

If polymeric coatings are used for air bearing surfaces, then lubrication is provided, but excess bleed air is required which lowers efficiency

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveefficiencyVSAvoidbleed air quantity
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The inorganic coatings provide inherent self-lubrication properties without requiring the system to consume additional bleed air, allowing the air bearing to operate efficiently with minimal auxiliary air supply

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Ease of manufacture

If polymeric coatings are applied to air bearing surfaces, then coating is achieved, but extensive labor is required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelabor requirementVSAvoidcoating application precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces manual or complex mechanical coating application processes with vapor deposition techniques, which automatically apply the coating material in vapor form that condenses into a uniform layer, eliminating the need for extensive manual labor and achieving high precision consistently

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

4Ease of operation

If self-lubricating coatings are used, then lubricity is provided, but coating application complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovelubricityVSAvoidcoating application process
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the deposition method parameters to optimize the coating process, using vapor phase deposition that naturally produces uniform, adherent coatings with controlled thickness, simplifying the overall application process despite the advanced materials used

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enables air bearings to operate at higher temperatures with reduced friction and wear, lowering manufacturing costs and increasing efficiency by eliminating the need for separate lubricants and fluorinated polymer coatings, thus expanding their application range.

Implementation Method 1

The use of tungsten carbide and diamond-like carbon (DLC) nonpolymeric self-lubricating coatings applied through vapor deposition methods like CVD and PVD

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVapor deposition: Physical Vapour Deposition

Implementation Method 2

The use of tungsten carbide and diamond-like carbon (DLC) nonpolymeric self-lubricating coatings applied through vapor deposition methods like CVD and PVD

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical vapor deposition: Chemical Vapour Deposition

Data Source

PatentEP3553333B1Air bearing with surface layer
Publication Date: 2021.06.02 HAMILTON SUNDSTRAND CORP
  • EP3553333B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP3553333B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3553333B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

Air bearing assembly (10) including at least a first member and a shaft (14) with a flange (16) configured to rotate with respect to the first member. The first member has a coating on at least one surface facing at least one of the shaft (14) and the flange (16). The coating includes tungsten carbide, a nonpolymeric self-lubricating coating, or a combination thereof.