Air-Core Coil Thickness Sensing for Banknote Adhesive Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing devices for detecting thickness variations in flat objects, such as banknotes, struggle to achieve high sensitivity for adhesive strips and lateral resolution, making it difficult to distinguish between single and multiple banknotes or thickness changes caused by adhesive strips.

Innovation Solution

A device utilizing air-core coils and electrically conductive elements that create an alternating magnetic field, where the deflection of guide elements relative to each other influences the resonant frequency and damping of an LC oscillating circuit, allowing for sensitive detection of thickness variations and lateral resolution through a multiplexed signal processing system.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional thickness measurement devices are used, then the device structure is simple, but the sensitivity for detecting adhesive strips is insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethickness measurement sensitivityVSAvoiddevice structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces conventional mechanical thickness measurement systems with an electromagnetic sensing system. Flat air-core coils generate alternating magnetic fields that interact with conductive elements on the banknote, detecting thickness variations through changes in resonant frequency and damping of LC oscillating circuits. This substitution enables high sensitivity detection of adhesive strips while maintaining a relatively simple overall device structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes changes in electromagnetic parameters (resonant frequency and damping) of LC oscillating circuits to detect thickness variations. When the distance between the coil and conductive element changes due to thickness variation, the resonant frequency and damping characteristics change, providing a sensitive measurement mechanism for detecting even small adhesive strip thicknesses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If conventional thickness detection methods are used, then the device is inexpensive, but the lateral resolution is insufficient to distinguish multiple banknotes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelateral resolutionVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the sensing area into multiple discrete flat air-core coils arranged in a matrix or array. Each coil can independently detect thickness variations in its specific region, providing lateral resolution to distinguish between multiple banknotes. This segmentation enables spatially resolved measurements while using simple, inexpensive flat coils that can be manufactured using printed circuit board techniques.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses multiple copies of the same simple flat coil structure arranged in different positions. Each coil is identical in design and can be manufactured using the same low-cost printed circuit board process, yet collectively they provide lateral resolution through their spatial arrangement. This copying approach achieves complex sensing capability with simple, repeatable manufacturing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

3Measurement precision

If mechanical roller deflection methods are used, then the device is simple to operate, but the sensitivity for detecting small thickness variations is insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethickness variation detection sensitivityVSAvoidoperation simplicity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical roller deflection methods with an electromagnetic field-based sensing system. Flat air-core coils generate alternating magnetic fields that penetrate the banknote and interact with conductive elements, detecting thickness variations through electromagnetic parameter changes rather than mechanical deflection. This substitution maintains ease of operation while dramatically improving sensitivity for detecting small thickness variations caused by adhesive strips.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs oscillating electromagnetic fields at resonant frequencies of LC circuits to enhance detection sensitivity. The alternating magnetic field from the flat coils excites resonant oscillations in the LC circuit, and thickness variations cause measurable changes in the resonant frequency and damping. This vibrational approach to electromagnetic sensing provides high sensitivity while keeping the system simple to operate.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #18Mechanical vibration

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The device provides high sensitivity for detecting adhesive strips and thickness variations, enabling accurate differentiation between single and multiple banknotes, with a cost-effective design using printed circuit board coils and conductive materials, and is temperature-independent due to frequency-selective measurement.

Implementation Method 1

a flat air-core coil (6), which generates an alternating magnetic field

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

The alternating field causes eddy currents in the electrically conductive, i.e. mostly metallic but not ferromagnetic, material of the conductive element (7)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEddy currents: Eddy Currents

Implementation Method 3

the deflection of a second guide element (2) relative to an opposite first guide element (1) is detected via an electrically conductive element (7) by at least one flat air-core coil (6), which generates an alternating magnetic field

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic field interaction: Magnetic Field

Data Source

PatentEP1877724B1Arrangement for determining thicknesses and thickness variations
Publication Date: 2010.08.18 BEB IND ELEKTRONIK
  • EP1877724B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP1877724B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP1877724B1 patent drawingFigure 5~7

AI summary

The invention relates to a device essentially characterised in that, on transport of a planar object, in particular, a value note, through guide elements (1, 2), the deflection of one or more secondary guide elements (2) relative to a first guide element (1) is recorded by one or more planar air-core coils (6) with an electrically-conducting element (7). A magnetic alternating field is hence generated which is influenced by a change in position of the electrically-conducting element (7). The alternating field generates eddy currents in the electrically-conducting element (7). These in turn affect the alternating field. When the planar coils are each part of an L.C. tuned circuit resonance frequencies and damping of said tuned circuit are affected. With a constant supply frequency the oscillation amplitude is altered.