Aluminum Oxide Air-Gap Liners for Dense Interconnect Capacitance

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Solution Overview

Problem

High-aspect-ratio traces in semiconductor dies with high capacitance due to close proximity limit performance.

Innovation Solution

Introduce air gaps between neighboring traces filled with a low dielectric constant gas, such as air, to reduce capacitance and signal delay, using a sacrificial material deposition and aluminum oxide liners to maintain structural integrity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If high-aspect-ratio traces are placed close together to increase interconnect density, then resistance is reduced, but capacitance increases and limits performance

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinterconnect densityVSAvoidcapacitance
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

A liner layer is introduced as an intermediary between adjacent traces. This liner acts as a barrier that prevents direct interaction between the traces and the dielectric material, thereby reducing stress-induced leakage current and capacitance effects while maintaining the high-density interconnect structure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The dielectric constant parameter is changed by replacing traditional dielectric materials with air gaps between traces. This parameter change directly reduces capacitance between closely-spaced traces while maintaining the high interconnect density achieved through high-aspect-ratio structures

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Object-generated harmful factors

If air gaps are introduced between traces to reduce capacitance, then signal integrity improves, but structural integrity may be compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovecapacitanceVSAvoidstructural integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The liner serves as a structural intermediary that bridges the gap between traces. It provides mechanical support and maintains structural integrity while allowing the air gap to exist, thus preventing collapse or deformation of the high-aspect-ratio traces

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The liner is implemented as a thin film structure that provides sufficient mechanical strength to maintain trace integrity while being thin enough to minimize capacitance. The thin film acts as a flexible barrier that accommodates the air gap without compromising overall structure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

3Strength

If traditional dielectric materials are used between traces, then structural support is maintained, but capacitance and stress-induced leakage current increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural supportVSAvoidstress-induced leakage current
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The dielectric material is extracted or removed from between the traces, replacing it with air gaps. This extraction eliminates the source of stress-induced leakage current and capacitance problems associated with traditional dielectric materials while the liner provides necessary structural support

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

Air is used as an inert environment between traces instead of traditional dielectric materials. The air gap provides electrical isolation without introducing stress-induced leakage current or high capacitance effects, while the liner maintains structural integrity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #39Inert atmosphere (Inert environment)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Reduces capacitance and signal delay, improving signal integrity and overall performance by lowering the dielectric constant between traces.

Implementation Method 1

Aluminum oxide may avoid issues from stress-induced leakage current (SILC) that may result when using silicon oxide or other materials

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectStress-induced leakage current prevention:

Implementation Method 2

part of the volume between neighboring traces is filled with air, rather than another material with a higher dielectric constant

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDielectric constant reduction: Dielectric Permittivity

Data Source

PatentEP4672311A1Technologies for air gaps in semiconductor dies with aluminum oxide liners
Publication Date: 2025.12.31 INTEL CORP
  • EP4672311A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4672311A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4672311A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Technologies for air gaps in semiconductor dies with aluminum oxide liners are disclosed. In an illustrative embodiment, high-aspect-ratio traces on an interconnect layer of a semiconductor die have a relatively narrow pitch. In order to reduce the capacitance between neighboring traces, an air gap is present. A liner above the air gap prevents the air gap from being filled during the semiconductor processing. In an illustrative embodiment, the liner is aluminum oxide, which may prevent stress induced leakage current (SILC) that may result when using silicon oxide or other materials.