3D-Printed Air Gap Winding Heads for Higher Power Density
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional air gap windings for electrical machines face challenges in achieving high power density and efficiency due to complex manufacturing processes that can damage insulation and lead to short circuits, and have an unfavorable ratio between active winding length and winding head length.
Innovation Solution
The air gap winding design features radially projecting winding heads with connections running at different distances from the axis, along circular curves with varying radii, and in multiple planes, optimized for compactness and efficiency, using additive manufacturing with conductive pastes and ceramic insulation for enhanced mechanical and thermal properties.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If conventional winding machines are used to wind coils, then the winding can be produced with standard manufacturing processes, but the manufacturing process becomes very complex and requires several process steps including subsequent mechanical forming
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces conventional mechanical winding machines and forming processes with additive manufacturing technology. The air gap winding is produced directly through 3D printing of conductive materials, eliminating the need for complex mechanical winding operations and subsequent forming steps. This substitution of mechanical manufacturing with additive manufacturing directly resolves the contradiction by simplifying the overall manufacturing process while reducing device complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the fundamental manufacturing parameter from mechanical winding to additive deposition. By using conductive pastes or powders that can be directly printed in the desired geometry, the manufacturing approach transitions from subtractive/mechanical to additive, thereby simplifying the process and reducing the number of steps required while maintaining or improving winding quality.
2Reliability
If mechanical forming is used to create radially protruding winding heads, then the active winding length to winding head ratio is improved, but the insulation of conductor wires is at risk of being damaged leading to short circuits
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by designing the winding head geometry directly in the additive manufacturing process. The radially protruding winding heads are created during the initial printing stage rather than through subsequent mechanical forming. This preliminary formation of the final geometry eliminates the need for damaging mechanical operations while preserving insulation integrity, thus resolving the contradiction between reliability and productivity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces mechanical forming operations with additive manufacturing to create the radially protruding winding heads. This substitution eliminates the mechanical contact that could damage insulation while achieving the desired geometry for improved active winding length to winding head ratio. The additive process directly forms the complex shapes without compromising conductor insulation, thereby maintaining reliability while enabling higher power density.
3Productivity
If the winding head length is reduced to improve the ratio with active winding length, then power density increases, but the manufacturing complexity increases due to complex winding head geometry
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex mechanical winding and forming operations with additive manufacturing to produce intricate winding head geometries. The 3D printing process can directly create complex radial and axial structures in a single operation, eliminating the need for multiple mechanical steps. This enables reduced winding head length for higher power density while managing manufacturing complexity through the capabilities of additive technology.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes the third dimension in additive manufacturing to create complex winding head geometries that would be difficult or impossible to achieve with conventional 2D winding machines. By printing in multiple layers and utilizing radial, axial, and circumferential directions, the process can produce optimized 3D winding head structures with reduced length while maintaining or improving performance, thereby resolving the contradiction between productivity and device complexity.
4Reliability
If multiple process steps are used to create the winding, then the winding can be manufactured with conventional technology, but the risk of insulation damage and short circuits increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces multiple sequential mechanical manufacturing steps with a single additive manufacturing process. The conductive materials are deposited layer by layer to form the complete winding structure in one integrated process, eliminating the need for separate winding, forming, and assembly operations. This substitution dramatically reduces the risk of insulation damage at each process interface while maintaining manufacturing feasibility, thus resolving the contradiction between reliability and ease of manufacture.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent merges multiple discrete manufacturing operations into a single additive manufacturing process. The winding body, winding heads, and internal structures are all created in one continuous printing operation rather than through separate steps. This consolidation eliminates the transitions between processes where insulation damage could occur, thereby improving operational safety while simplifying the overall manufacturing approach.
Data Source
AI summary
An additively manufactured air gap winding for an electrical machine is provided. The air-gap winding includes a hollow cylindrical main portion having a geometric axis, the main portion defining an active winding length of the winding, and electrical winding conductors of the winding extending in the main portion from a first axial end of the winding to a second axial end. The air gap winding further comprises a first winding head at the first axial end and a second winding head at the second axial end, wherein winding head connections of the winding conductors extend in the winding heads. The winding heads project radially inwardly and/or outwardly beyond the hollow cylindrical main section. The winding head connections extend at least in sections at different distances from the axis in such a way that one winding head connection at least partially radially surrounds the other winding head connection.


