Air Induction Nozzle Coanda Effect Momentum
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional low-pressure water mist fire suppression systems face difficulties in generating sufficient momentum in water mist while maintaining small water droplets, making it challenging to effectively counter flame buoyancy.
Innovation Solution
An air-induction nozzle design that utilizes a Coanda effect to inject pressurized air into a main flow path, inducing a high-velocity air flow which, combined with a low-pressure water supply, generates a high-velocity atomized water mist by drawing in surrounding air, thereby increasing the momentum of the water droplets.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Force
If a high-pressure water mist system is used to generate sufficient momentum, then the momentum of water mist is improved, but the system complexity and component requirements worsen
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies pneumatic principles by introducing a separate air supply system that delivers pressurized air through an annular cavity and mixing chamber. This pneumatic assistance enables low-pressure water to achieve high-momentum mist generation without requiring complex high-pressure water pumping systems, thus resolving the contradiction between momentum generation and system complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent merges the water flow path and air flow path into a combined mixing chamber where they interact to produce the water mist. This merging of pneumatic and hydraulic flows allows the system to leverage both air pressure and water pressure synergistically, achieving high momentum output while maintaining relatively simple component requirements
2Quantity of substance
If water droplets are made small to improve fire suppression effectiveness, then the fire suppression capability is improved, but the momentum of water mist worsens
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs dynamic interaction between pressurized air and water in the mixing chamber, creating a turbulent mixing zone that naturally atomizes water into fine droplets. The dynamic pneumatic assistance provides the additional force needed to maintain high momentum in the resulting small droplets, resolving the contradiction between droplet size and momentum
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the pressure parameter of the assisting air stream to control both the droplet size and the resulting mist momentum. By adjusting air pressure, the system can optimize the balance between creating sufficiently small droplets for fire suppression and maintaining adequate momentum to counter flame buoyancy
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively produces a high-momentum water mist with small droplets, enabling effective fire suppression even with low-pressure systems, as the pressurized air induces a vacuum that draws in surrounding air, enhancing the fire extinguishing capability.
Implementation Method 1
guiding a pressurized air stream over a Coanda profile to induce a vacuum that draws air into a main flow path of the nozzle
Implementation Method 2
induce a vacuum that draws air into a main flow path
Implementation Method 3
A low-pressure liquid stream is injected into the high-velocity stream of air in the nozzle to generate a high-velocity atomized water mist
Data Source
Figure 1
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Figure 3
AI summary
A nozzle includes a nozzle housing defining a first flow path having a first inlet at a first end of the nozzle housing and a first outlet at a second end of the nozzle housing. The nozzle housing also defines a second flow path having a second inlet at an outer surface of the nozzle housing and a second outlet in a side wall of the nozzle housing defining the first flow path, the second outlet defining a Coanda profile and having an annular shape around the first flow path. The nozzle housing defines a third flow path having a third inlet at the outer side surface of the nozzle housing and a third outlet in the side wall defining the first flow path, the third outlet comprising a plurality of holes arranged in an annular pattern around the first flow path.