Air Spring Bellows Surface Grooves for Self-Cleaning Wear Resistance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Air spring bellows for rail vehicles and trucks face damage from abrasive contamination, such as sand and dust, which affects their suspension behavior and longevity due to lack of effective self-cleaning features.

Innovation Solution

The air spring bellows feature elongated concave impressions or grooves on their outer surface, aligned with the axis, that deform to mechanically remove dirt and enhance self-cleaning, with supporting ribs to prevent dirt accumulation, maintaining the bellows' functionality and extending its service life.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-affected harmful factors

If profiled grooves or ribs are applied to the outer surface of the bellows body to prevent abrasion damage, then resistance to contamination is improved, but the stiffness and suspension behavior of the bellows is adversely altered

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveabrasion damage from contaminationVSAvoidstiffness and suspension behavior
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The bellows surface is provided with a porous structure consisting of numerous pores distributed over the outer surface. This porous structure allows the bellows to resist abrasion from contamination while maintaining its original stiffness and suspension behavior, as the pores are integrated into the material structure rather than being added as separate profiled elements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

Solution Approach 2:

The porous structure is applied specifically to the outer surface of the bellows body where contamination and abrasion occur, while the inner structure and bulk material remain unchanged. This localized application ensures that the protective function is provided where needed without affecting the overall mechanical properties and suspension behavior of the bellows.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Strength

If a smooth surface is used on the bellows body, then the suspension behavior and stiffness are maintained, but the resistance to contamination and abrasion damage is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesuspension behavior and stiffnessVSAvoidcontamination and abrasion damage
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The smooth surface is transformed into a porous structure by introducing numerous pores into the outer surface layer. This porous structure provides abrasion resistance and contamination protection while the pores are configured to minimize impact on the bellows' stiffness and suspension behavior.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

Solution Approach 2:

The bellows body comprises a composite structure with a bulk material providing structural integrity and suspension characteristics, and a porous outer surface layer providing abrasion and contamination resistance. This composite approach combines the benefits of both smooth and textured surfaces.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Reliability

If the bellows operates in harsh environments with sand and dust accumulation, then the load-bearing capacity is utilized, but the service life is reduced due to abrasive wear

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveload-bearing capacity utilizationVSAvoidservice life
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDuration of action of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The porous outer surface structure provides enhanced resistance to sand and dust abrasion, allowing the bellows to operate reliably in harsh environments for extended periods. The porous structure traps and reduces the impact of abrasive particles while maintaining the bellows' load-bearing capacity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

Solution Approach 2:

The porous surface layer acts as a sacrificial protective layer that can wear away over time, protecting the more critical inner structure and bulk material. This allows the bellows to maintain serviceability and load-bearing capacity even after extended operation in harsh conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The design significantly increases the air spring bellows' resistance to contamination, ensuring continued effective suspension behavior and extended service life by effectively removing dirt and reducing wear, even in harsh environments.

Implementation Method 1

the shape of the indentations can be changed by the elastic compression and rebound of the air spring bellows, so that foreign substances adhering to the surface or in the indentations can be detached

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElasticity: Elasticity

Data Source

PatentEP3497349B1Air-spring bellows comprising a self-cleaning surface
Publication Date: 2023.01.04 CONTITECH LUFTEDERSYSTEME GMBH
  • EP3497349B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3497349B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3497349B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to air-spring bellows (3) consisting of an elastomer material, which are clamped, on the ends thereof, between a sprung and an unsprung mass by means of connecting parts, and perform rolling movements during compression and release and/or rest against connecting parts, where the air-spring bellows (3) comprise, at least on parts (5) of the outer surface thereof, a structure which is different from a substantially smooth surface, said structure containing a plurality of long concave impressions (6) formed on the outer surface, which are oriented in the arrangement thereof in relation to the axis of the air-spring bellows (3) such that the shape of the impressions can be modified by the elastic compression and release of the air-spring bellows, such that adhesive foreign substances adhering to the surface or in the impressions can be removed.