Air Spring Staged Openings Damping Range

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional air springs in heavy-duty vehicle axle/suspension systems have limited damping range, are frequency-dependent, and require large air volumes, leading to increased weight, reduced payload capacity, and higher maintenance costs due to the need for shock absorbers.

Innovation Solution

An air spring with an intermediate chamber and staged openings that provides optimized damping characteristics by controlling airflow between the bellows and piston chambers, reducing the need for shock absorbers and allowing for a broader damping range and reduced air volume, thereby enhancing ride quality and payload capacity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If conventional air springs are used in heavy-duty vehicle axle/suspension systems, then the structure is simple, but the damping range is limited and frequency-dependent

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedamping rangeVSAvoidair spring structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The air spring is divided into multiple chambers (first chamber, second chamber, intermediate chamber) with staged openings between them. This segmentation allows different regions of the air spring to provide damping at different stages of compression, thereby expanding the overall damping range without requiring a completely different system architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The air spring incorporates dynamic airflow control through staged openings that respond to compression depth. As the air spring compresses, air flows between chambers in a controlled sequence, providing frequency-dependent damping that adapts to different operating conditions, thus improving versatility without excessive complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Reliability

If large air volumes are used in air springs, then damping performance is improved, but weight increases and payload capacity is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedamping performanceVSAvoidair spring weight
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

By segmenting the air spring into multiple chambers with staged openings, the design achieves improved damping performance through controlled airflow between chambers rather than relying solely on large air volume. This allows for more efficient use of the available air space, reducing the overall volume and weight required while maintaining or enhancing damping characteristics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The invention utilizes pneumatic principles through the staged airflow between chambers. The controlled movement of air through restricted openings creates damping forces that are more efficient per unit volume compared to conventional large-volume air springs, thereby reducing the weight and volume requirements while maintaining damping performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #29Pneumatics and hydraulics

3Reliability

If shock absorbers are added to air spring systems, then damping is improved, but device complexity and maintenance costs increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedamping capabilityVSAvoidsuspension system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention merges the damping function with the air spring itself by incorporating staged chambers and controlled airflow paths within the air spring structure. This integration eliminates the need for separate shock absorbers, as the air spring's internal staged openings provide the damping capability that would otherwise require additional components, thereby reducing system complexity and maintenance requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The air spring is designed to perform multiple functions: supporting vehicle weight, providing ride comfort, and delivering damping control. The staged chamber structure enables the air spring to provide both springing and damping functions that were previously required from separate components, making the system more universal and reducing overall complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The air spring with staged openings offers improved damping over a broader range of loads and frequencies, reduces weight and maintenance costs, and increases payload capacity by eliminating or reducing the need for shock absorbers and minimizing air volume requirements.

Implementation Method 1

a first means for providing restricted fluid communication between the intermediate chamber and the bellows chamber; and a second means for providing restricted fluid communication between the intermediate chamber and the piston chamber

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFluid flow restriction:

Implementation Method 2

the air spring utilizes multiple chambers connected via staged openings that provide better airflow control and promote damping of the axle/suspension system

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure differential: Pressure Gradient

Data Source

PatentEP3383681B1Damping air spring with staged openings
Publication Date: 2021.01.06 HENDRICKSON USA LLC
  • EP3383681B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3383681B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3383681B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An air spring with damping characteristics for a suspension assembly of a heavy-duty vehicle includes a first chamber, a second chamber and an intermediate chamber. The intermediate chamber is operatively connected between the first chamber and the second chamber. A first means provides restricted fluid communication between the intermediate chamber and the first chamber. A second means provides restricted fluid communication between the intermediate chamber and the second chamber. The first and second means for providing restricted fluid communication between the intermediate chamber and the first and second chambers, respectively, provide damping characteristics to the air spring during operation of the heavy-duty vehicle.