Airbag Ignition Powder Composition With Lower Sensitivity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing ignition powders face issues such as high sensitivity, moisture absorption, ignition delay, high manufacturing costs, and environmental hazards due to the use of aluminum and hygroscopic materials, which affect their reliability and safety in airbag gas generators.
Innovation Solution
A composition of potassium perchlorate, basic copper nitrate, a fuel, and a metal oxide with a metal powder, excluding aluminum, is formulated to enhance ignition performance, moisture resistance, and reduce sensitivity, with a manufacturing process that includes wet granulation and vibration mixing to ensure uniformity and stability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If aluminum powder is used in the ignition powder formula, then the burning rate is improved, but the sensitivity increases and safety risks arise during manufacturing
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes aluminum powder from the ignition powder formula entirely, extracting the problematic component that causes high sensitivity and safety risks during manufacturing, while maintaining acceptable burning rate through alternative fuel compositions
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters by replacing aluminum powder with alternative fuels and adjusting the ratios of oxidizers, fuels, and metal powders to achieve the desired burning rate without the sensitivity issues associated with aluminum
2Use of energy by moving object
If 5AT-strontium nitrate type ignition powder is used, then the energy is improved, but ignition delay occurs at low temperatures
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a composite formulation combining multiple oxidizers (potassium nitrate, strontium nitrate), fuels (guanidine nitrate, nitroguanidine), and metal powders (titanium, zirconium, magnesium) to create a synergistic composition that maintains high energy while ensuring reliable ignition across a wide temperature range including low temperatures
Solution Approach 2:
The patent adjusts the compositional parameters by incorporating multiple oxidizer-fuel pairs with different thermal characteristics, allowing the ignition powder to maintain consistent performance from -40°C to +90°C without the low-temperature ignition delay problems of 5AT-strontium nitrate formulations
3Temperature
If B/KNO3 type ignition powder with high potassium nitrate content is used, then the burning temperature is improved, but the friction and impact sensitivity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the compositional parameters by reducing potassium nitrate content from 70% or more to a balanced formulation with multiple oxidizers and fuels, thereby lowering the burning temperature slightly but dramatically reducing friction and impact sensitivity for safer manufacturing
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a composite material system with multiple oxidizers (potassium nitrate, strontium nitrate), fuels (guanidine nitrate, nitroguanidine, ammonium perchlorate), and metal powders to achieve a balanced performance that provides adequate burning temperature while significantly reducing the sensitivity issues associated with high potassium nitrate content
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The new ignition powder achieves reliable ignition performance across a wide temperature range, reduces manufacturing risks, and enhances safety by avoiding aluminum-related hazards, with improved burning rates and reduced environmental impact.
Implementation Method 1
Ignition powders are an important type of initiating explosive material, and are commonly used to receive external stimulation to ignite other powders
Implementation Method 2
a preparation method involving wet granulation and compression molding to achieve reliable ignition performance
Implementation Method 3
a preparation method involving wet granulation and compression molding
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed are an ignition powder, a preparation method therefor and a use thereof, and an airbag gas generator, which belong to the technical field of ignition powders. The raw materials of the ignition powder include the following components in percentages by mass: potassium perchlorate. 30%˜50%; basic copper nitrate: 5%˜20%; a fuel: 15%˜60%; a metal oxide: 1%˜25%; and a metal powder: 1%˜25%, wherein the metal powder is at least one of a titanium powder, a magnesium powder, a copper powder, an iron powder, a zirconium powder, a hafnium powder, a tungsten powder or a silicon powder.