Aircraft Transparency Bus Bar Junction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional bus bar systems for vehicle transparencies face issues due to thickness differences between conductive coatings and bus bars, leading to thin, weak, or discontinuous coatings at the film/bus bar junction, resulting in non-uniform current transfer and potential arcing that can damage the substrate.

Innovation Solution

A bus bar system featuring a non-conductive substrate with conductive bus bars and coatings, where an isotropically conductive adhesive is applied over the film/bus bar junction, optionally with a conductive metallic foil, to ensure consistent electrical contact and mechanical protection.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If conventional bus bars with large thickness difference (1:200 to 1:400) are used, then the bus bar structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but the conductive coating at the film/bus bar junction becomes thin, weak, or discontinuous leading to non-uniform current transfer and potential arcing

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebus bar structure simplicityVSAvoidcoating continuity at junction
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

A transition layer with intermediate thickness is introduced between the thick bus bar and the thin conductive coating. This transition layer serves as a mediator that gradually reduces the thickness discontinuity, allowing the coating to be deposited uniformly without the extreme 1:200 to 1:400 thickness ratio. The transition layer prevents coating discontinuities and arcing while maintaining manufacturing simplicity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The thickness parameter of the bus bar structure is modified by introducing a transition layer with intermediate thickness values. This changes the thickness gradient from extreme (1:200 to 1:400) to more gradual, enabling uniform coating deposition while maintaining the overall bus bar functionality and ease of manufacture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Ease of manufacture

If the conductive coating is made thinner to match the bus bar thickness ratio, then manufacturing is easier, but the coating becomes weak and discontinuous at the junction

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoating deposition easeVSAvoidcoating strength at junction
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The transition layer acts as an intermediary structure that supports the thin conductive coating at the junction area. By providing this intermediate thickness layer, the thin coating gains mechanical support and continuity without requiring increased coating thickness elsewhere, thus maintaining ease of manufacture while improving junction strength.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The bus bar structure is transformed into a composite system consisting of the bus bar, transition layer, and conductive coating. This composite structure allows each layer to have optimized properties - the bus bar provides structural support, the transition layer provides thickness transition and coating support, and the thin coating provides electrical functionality - achieving both ease of manufacture and junction strength.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Reliability

If the conductive coating is made thicker to ensure continuity, then coating strength improves, but the thickness difference with bus bar increases to 1:200 to 1:400 making manufacturing more difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoating continuityVSAvoidthickness ratio complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Rather than making the coating thicker, a transition layer is introduced as an intermediary that addresses the thickness mismatch problem. This approach maintains the thin coating properties for electrical functionality while providing the necessary thickness transition to prevent discontinuities, avoiding the extreme 1:200 to 1:400 thickness ratio complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

4Device complexity

If conventional bus bar systems are used, then the system is simple, but arcing and substrate damage can occur due to non-uniform current transfer

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem simplicityVSAvoidarcing and substrate damage
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The transition layer serves as a protective intermediary that prevents harmful arcing and current non-uniformity. By providing a gradual thickness transition, it ensures uniform current distribution across the junction area, eliminating the conditions that lead to arcing and substrate damage while adding minimal complexity to the overall system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The transition layer provides beforehand cushioning by pre-establishing a favorable thickness gradient at the junction area. This preparatory structure prevents the occurrence of harmful effects (arcing, non-uniform current transfer) before they can happen during operation, rather than attempting to address them after they occur.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enhances the durability and conductivity of the film/bus bar junction, reducing the risk of arcing and damage, while providing a rapid and flexible application method that bridges gaps and provides additional mechanical and chemical protection.

Implementation Method 1

An electrically conductive adhesive, e.g., an isotropically conductive adhesive, such as an isotropically conductive tape or film, is located over at least a portion of the film/bus bar junction

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Data Source

PatentEP2457413B1Enhanced bus bar system for aircraft transparencies
Publication Date: 2018.03.28 PPG INDUSTRIES OHIO INC
  • EP2457413B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP2457413B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A bus bar system includes a non-conductive substrate having a major surface. At least one conductive bus bar is formed over at least a portion of the major surface. A conductive coating is formed over at least a portion of the bus bar and the major surface. An electrically conductive adhesive, such as an isotropically conductive tape or film, is applied over at least a portion of the film/bus bar junction. The system can optionally include a conductive metallic foil adhered to the isotropically conductive adhesive.